[Enucleations, eviscerations and orbital implants in German eye hospitals].

Background: Evaluation of the number of enucleations and eviscerations performed in Germany and the orbital implants used.

Method: Analysis of the quality reports of German ophthalmological clinics for the years 2012-2021 provided by the Federal Joint Committee (Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss, G‑BA).

Results: Almost 10 times as many enucleations (8368) as eviscerations (975) are performed in Germany.

Observation of Unexplained Cases of Unilateral Upper Eyelid Retraction from Idiopathic Inflammation or an Atypical Form of Graves' Orbitopathy.

Background: We observed cases of unilateral upper eyelid retraction (UER) with unclear pathogenesis, where a definitive diagnosis of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) could not be made and other pathologies were ruled out. The aim is to present patients' findings, discuss possible underlying mechanisms, and to describe diagnostic testing and therapeutic approaches.

Patients And Methods: Patients were retrospectively analyzed who presented to the Department of Ophthalmology of LMU Munich between 2016 and 2021 without a definitive diagnosis of GO or other pathological causes.

[ChatGPT and the German board examination for ophthalmology: an evaluation].

Purpose: In recent years artificial intelligence (AI), as a new segment of computer science, has also become increasingly more important in medicine. The aim of this project was to investigate whether the current version of ChatGPT (ChatGPT 4.0) is able to answer open questions that could be asked in the context of a German board examination in ophthalmology.

Airway hillocks are injury-resistant reservoirs of unique plastic stem cells.

Airway hillocks are stratified epithelial structures of unknown function. Hillocks persist for months and have a unique population of basal stem cells that express genes associated with barrier function and cell adhesion. Hillock basal stem cells continually replenish overlying squamous barrier cells.

Spatiotemporal dynamics exhibited by horizontal basal cells reveal a pro-neurogenic pathway during injury-induced olfactory epithelium regeneration.

Horizontal basal cells (HBCs) mediate olfactory epithelium (OE) regeneration following severe tissue injury. The dynamism of the post-injury environment is well illustrated by modeling of RNA sequencing data that demonstrate an evolving HBC transcriptome. Unfortunately, spatiotemporally dynamic processes occurring within HBCs remain poorly understood.

Pronounced Olfactory Habituation with Age.

Objectives: Olfactory habituation is a transient decrease in olfactory sensitivity caused by prolonged odor exposure, aiding in the discernment of new olfactory stimuli against the background. We explored the impact of subclinical olfactory impairment on odor habituation using age as a proxy.

Methods: Before the actual experiment, the individual olfactory threshold for the rose-like odorant phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) was assessed separately for the left and right nostril using the "Sniffin' Sticks" test, and ratings for odor intensity and pleasantness were collected.

Taste loss in COVID-19 â€" psychophysical evidence supporting a low prevalence.

Much - possibly even too much - has been published about chemosensory dysfunction as a consequence of COVID-19. Studies have reported prevalence of taste loss in up to 89.9%, which is in a similar range as COVID-19 related smell loss.

Effect of hypoglossal nerve stimulation on snoring: an evaluation using objective acoustic parameters.

Study Objectives: Hypoglossal nerve stimulation is an established therapy for sleep apnea syndrome. Whether or not this therapy on snoring and nighttime noise exposure is effective and how strong this effect may be has not been objectively investigated thus far and was the aim of this study.

Methods: In 15 participants (14 males; age: 30-72 years; mean: 51.

Compression Dressing versus Noncompressive Transparent Eye Shield after Ptosis Surgery.

Background: We aimed to investigate the effect of compression dressing on edema, ecchymosis, pain, and ocular surface irritation after ptosis surgery.

Methods: After ptosis correction [anterior levator reinsertion (and resection) (ALR), if necessary additional blepharoplasty], the eye was randomized for compression dressing or transparent eye shield. Edema and ecchymosis were scored on a four-point rating scale by a blinded observer 1 day (D1), 1 week (D7), and 8 weeks (D56) after surgery; the same was done for scar formation regarding redness and bulging at D7 and D56.

[Persistent olfactory impairment after COVID-19-recommendations of the Working Group on Olfactology and Gustology of the German Society of Oto-rhino-laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery].

This article does not intend to comprehensively review the existing literature on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated smell disorders, but aims to summarize scientific evidence for otorhinolaryngological practice and provide recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of persistent smell disorders following COVID-19.

Targeting the microenvironment in the treatment of arteriovenous malformations.

Extracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are regarded as rare diseases and are prone to complications such as pain, bleeding, relentless growth, and high volume of shunted blood. Due to the high vascular pressure endothelial cells of AVMs are exposed to mechanical stress. To control symptoms and lesion growth pharmacological treatment strategies are urgently needed in addition to surgery and interventional radiology.

Hertel-exophthalmometry-like multi-detector-row-CT-exophthalmometry: inter-disciplinary inter-observer reproducibility of measurements.

Objectives: To investigate the interdisciplinary interobserver reproducibility of Hertel-exophthalmometry-like protrusion measurements on multidetector-row-computed-tomography- (MDCT-) images of the orbit to facilitate structured evaluation of the orbit and mid-face.

Methods: Respective reproducibility of base-length along the interfronto-zygomatic line, right and left ocular protrusion, and deriving interocular difference was measured in this retrospective (04/2009-03/2020) single-centre observational study. MDCT-series and slice-positions were selected independently, using picture-archiving-and-communication-system- (PACS-) tools on tilt-corrected axial MDCT-images (slice-thickness 0.

[Thyroid Eye Disease-Compressive Optic Neuropathy].

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional outcomes in terms of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and visual field (VF) defects in optic nerve compression (thyroid eye disease-compressive optic neuropathy, TED-CON) patients after treatment.

Patients And Methods: In this observational, retrospective study, the medical charts of 51 patients (96 eyes) with a diagnosis of definitive TED-CON between 2010-2020 were included.

Results: After the diagnosis of TED-CON, 16 patients (27 eyes) received steroid-pulse (medical) treatment alone, 67 eyes received an additional surgical orbital decompression, whereas 1 patient (2 eyes) refused both treatment methods.