The use of lateral arthroscopy portals for the management of a fragmented lateral coronoid process in an English Bulldog.

Objective: To report a case of unilateral lateral coronoid process fragmentation in a dog treated via lateral elbow arthroscopy portals.

Animal: A 9-month old male intact English Bulldog.

Study Design: Case report.

Radiation exposure to the orthopedic surgeon-a dosimetric comparison of two mini C-arm fluoroscopy models: a pilot study.

Objective: Perform a cadaveric experimental pilot study to measure and compare potential radiation exposure to an orthopedic surgeon from 2 different-generation mini C-arm models during a simulated orthopedic surgery.

Sample: 16 radiation dosimeters.

Methods: Mock surgery setups were constructed with a canine cadaver thoracic limb and 2 different-generation mini C-arm models.

Surgical and oncologic outcomes in dogs with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours arising from the brachial or lumbosacral plexus.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNST) of a plexus nerve or nerve root cause significant morbidity and present a treatment challenge. The surgical approach can be complex and information is lacking on outcomes. The objective of this study was to describe surgical complication rates and oncologic outcomes for canine MPNST of the brachial or lumbosacral plexus.

The use of lateral arthroscopy portals for the management of bilateral osteochondritis dissecans of the radial head in an English bulldog.

Objective: To report a case of bilateral radial head osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) in a dog treated via lateral elbow arthroscopy portals.

Study Design: Case report.

Animals: Six month old female spayed English bulldog.

Indications, complications, and mortality rate following craniotomy or craniectomy in dogs and cats: 165 cases (1995-2016).

Objective: To determine the most common indications for cranial surgery and identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of complications and death in the perioperative period following cranial surgery.

Animals: 150 dogs and 15 cats.

Procedures: For this multi-institutional retrospective case series, medical records of dogs and cats that underwent cranial surgery at any of the 4 participating institutions between 1995 and 2016 were reviewed.

Influence of a cell salvage washing system and leukocyte reduction filtration on bacterial contamination of canine whole blood ex vivo.

Objective: To determine the ability of cell salvage washing and leukoreduction filtration to remove bacterial contamination from canine whole blood.

Study Design: Ex vivo nested cohort study.

Sample Population: Commercially purchased fresh canine whole blood (n = 33 units).

Outcomes for dogs with functional thyroid tumors treated by surgical excision alone.

Objective: To describe clinical findings and survival times for dogs with functional thyroid tumors treated with surgery alone and investigate potential prognostic factors for outcome in these patients.

Animals: 27 client-owned dogs.

Procedures: Medical records of 9 institutions were reviewed to identify dogs with hyperthyroidism secondary to thyroid neoplasia that were treated with surgery alone between 2005 and 2015.

Glioblastoma radiomics: can genomic and molecular characteristics correlate with imaging response patterns?

Purpose: For glioblastoma (GBM), imaging response (IR) or pseudoprogression (PSP) is frequently observed after chemoradiation and may connote a favorable prognosis. With tumors categorized by the Cancer Genome Atlas Project (mesenchymal, classical, neural, and proneural) and by methylguanine-methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation status, we attempted to determine if certain genomic or molecular subtypes of GBM were specifically associated with IR or PSP.

Methods: Patients with GBM treated at two institutions were reviewed.

Hippocampal dose volume histogram predicts Hopkins Verbal Learning Test scores after brain irradiation.

Purpose: Radiation-induced cognitive decline is relatively common after treatment for primary and metastatic brain tumors; however, identifying dosimetric parameters that are predictive of radiation-induced cognitive decline is difficult due to the heterogeneity of patient characteristics. The memory function is especially susceptible to radiation effects after treatment. The objective of this study is to correlate volumetric radiation doses received by critical neuroanatomic structures to post-radiation therapy (RT) memory impairment.

Emerging Indications for Fractionated Gamma Knife Radiosurgery.

Background: Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) allows for the treatment of intracranial tumors with a high degree of dose conformality and precision. There are, however, certain situations wherein the dose conformality of GKRS is desired, but single session treatment is contraindicated. In these situations, a traditional pin-based GKRS head frame cannot be used, as it precludes fractionated treatment.

Impact of timing of radiotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

Objective: To further evaluate if a delay in the start of radiation therapy (RT) affects patient outcomes for glioblastoma (GBM).

Patients And Methods: From May 1999 to May 2010, a total of 161 patients underwent surgery followed by RT for GBM. We assessed overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS), stratified by extent of surgical resection.

Predictors of neurologic and nonneurologic death in patients with brain metastasis initially treated with upfront stereotactic radiosurgery without whole-brain radiation therapy.

Background: In this study we attempted to discern the factors predictive of neurologic death in patients with brain metastasis treated with upfront stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) without whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) while accounting for the competing risk of nonneurologic death.

Methods: We performed a retrospective single-institution analysis of patients with brain metastasis treated with upfront SRS without WBRT. Competing risks analysis was performed to estimate the subdistribution hazard ratios (HRs) for neurologic and nonneurologic death for predictor variables of interest.

Is a Clinical Target Volume (CTV) Necessary in the Treatment of Lung Cancer in the Modern Era Combining 4-D Imaging and Image-guided Radiotherapy (IGRT)?

Objective: We hypothesized that omission of clinical target volumes (CTV) in lung cancer radiotherapy would not compromise control by determining retrospectively if the addition of a CTV would encompass the site of failure.

Methods: Stage II-III patients were treated from 2009-2012 with daily cone-beam imaging and a 5 mm planning target volume (PTV) without a CTV. PTVs were expanded 1 cm and termed CTVretro.

Survey of Intraoperative Bacterial Contamination in Dogs Undergoing Elective Orthopedic Surgery.

Objective: To investigate the frequency, source, and risk factors of intraoperative (IO) surgeon and patient bacterial contamination during clean orthopedic surgeries, and to investigate the relationship between IO contamination and surgical site infection (SSI) in dogs.

Study Design: Prospective clinical study.

Sample Population: Client-owned dogs undergoing stifle surgery (n = 100).

Unilateral Renal Ischemia as a Model of Acute Kidney Injury and Renal Fibrosis in Cats.

The objectives of this study were to define the acute and chronic effects of 1-hour unilateral in vivo renal ischemia on renal function and histology in cats. Twenty-one adult purpose-bred research cats were anesthetized, and 1 kidney underwent renal artery and vein occlusion for 1 hour. Serum creatinine and urea concentrations, urine protein:creatinine ratio, urine-specific gravity, glomerular filtration rate, hematocrit, platelet concentration and function, and white blood cell count were measured at baseline and variable time points after ischemia.

Genomic predictors of patterns of progression in glioblastoma and possible influences on radiation field design.

We present a retrospective investigation of the role of genomics in the prediction of central versus marginal disease progression patterns for glioblastoma (GBM). Between August 2000 and May 2010, 41 patients with GBM and gene expression and methylation data available were treated with radiotherapy with or without concurrent temozolomide. Location of disease progression was categorized as within the high dose (60 Gy) or low dose (46 Gy) volume.

Impact of systemic targeted agents on the clinical outcomes of patients with brain metastases.

Background: To determine the clinical benefits of systemic targeted agents across multiple histologies after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases.

Methods: Between 2000 and 2013, 737 patients underwent upfront SRS for brain metastases. Patients were stratified by whether or not they received targeted agents with SRS.

Reirradiation for second primary or recurrent cancers of the head and neck: Dosimetric and outcome analysis.

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine outcomes, toxicity, and dosimetric characteristics of patients treated with reirradiation for head and neck cancers.

Methods: Fifty patients underwent ≥2 courses of radiation therapy (RT) postoperatively or definitively with or without chemotherapy. Composite dose volume histograms (DVHs) for selected anatomic structures were correlated with grade ≥3 late toxicity.

Comparison of clinical outcomes and genomic characteristics of single focus and multifocal glioblastoma.

We investigate the differences in molecular signature and clinical outcomes between multiple lesion glioblastoma (GBM) and single focus GBM in the modern treatment era. Between August 2000 and May 2010, 161 patients with GBM were treated with modern radiotherapy techniques. Of this group, 33 were considered to have multiple lesion GBM (25 multifocal and 8 multicentric).

Taste and smell disturbances after brain irradiation: a dose-volume histogram analysis of a prospective observational study.

Purpose: Radiation-induced taste and smell disturbances are prevalent in patients receiving brain radiation therapy, although the mechanisms underlying these toxicities are poorly understood. We report the results of a single institution prospective clinical trial aimed at correlating self-reported taste and smell disturbances with radiation dose delivered to defined areas within the brain and nasopharynx.

Methods And Materials: Twenty-two patients with gliomas were enrolled on a prospective observational trial in which patients underwent a validated questionnaire assessing taste and smell disturbances at baseline and at 3 and 6 weeks after commencement of brain radiation therapy.

Comparison of accelerated hypofractionation and stereotactic body radiotherapy for Stage 1 and node negative Stage 2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Purpose: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and accelerated hypofractionated radiation therapy (AHRT) have favorable local control (LC) relative to conventional fractionation in the treatment of stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We report the results of our single institution experience with the treatment of early stage NSCLC with SBRT or AHRT in cases where SBRT was felt to be suboptimal.

Methods: One hundred and sixty patients with Stage 1 and node negative Stage 2 NSCLC were treated with SBRT or AHRT from 2003 to 2011.

Management of mediastinal relapse after treatment with stereotactic body radiotherapy or accelerated hypofractionated radiotherapy for stage I/II non-small-cell lung cancer.

Purpose/objective(s): Regional failures occur in up to 15% of patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for stage I/II lung cancer. This report focuses on the management of the unique scenario of isolated regional failures.

Methods: Patients treated initially with SBRT or accelerated hypofractionated radiotherapy were screened for curative intent treatment of isolated mediastinal failures (IMFs).

Thoracic re-irradiation using stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) techniques as first or second course of treatment.

Background And Purpose: Management for in-field failures after thoracic radiation is poorly defined. We evaluated SBRT as an initial or second course of treatment re-irradiating in a prior high dose region.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-three patients were treated with re-irradiation defined by the prior 30 Gy isodose line.