Effect of sex and genotype of the host on the anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole microcrystals, in the CBi-IGE infection murine model.

Albendazole (ABZ) is an anthelmintic pharmaceutical commonly used in the treatment of nematode infections. It is a Class II drug poorly water-soluble, with very low bioavailability, a feature particularly limiting to treat the trichinellosis chronic phase. Microcrystals obtained by controlled precipitation using hydroxyethyl cellulose and chitosan have previously been shown to improve ABZ biopharmaceutical properties.

Intestinal obstruction following gastric bypass.

Purpose: To draw the attention of the medical community to a differential diagnosis of intestinal obstruction due to bezoar in the late postoperative period of gastric bypass that requires diagnosis and emergency management.

Methods: We report 8 cases of patients with intestinal obstruction due to bezoar in the late postoperative period of gastric bypass who required surgical intervention.

Conclusion: Intestinal obstruction due to fruit pomace is a late complication that may require urgent surgical intervention and should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

Effect of Genotype and Sex of the Host on the Bioavailability of Novel Albendazole Microcrystals Based on Chitosan and Cellulose Derivatives.

Albendazole (ABZ), an anthelmintic compound widely used in the treatment of systemic nematode infections, is included in the list of class II drugs based on the Biopharmaceutical Classification System. ABZ has limited effectiveness due to its poor water solubility and consequent low bioavailability. Bioavailability of novel ABZ microcrystals based on hydroxyethylcellulose (S4A) or chitosan (S10A) was studied in male and female mice of two inbred lines, from the murine CBi-IGE model of trichinellosis, differing in susceptibility to this parasitosis (line CBi/L, resistant; line CBi+, susceptible).

Characterisation of footpad lesions in organic and conventional broilers.

Recent data suggest that organic broilers often score worse on footpad lesions than conventional broilers but also that the current scoring of organic broiler feet may be misleading. In order to characterise footpad lesions in organic broilers, this study assessed and compared footpad lesions in a sample of 2987 conventional and 3578 organic broiler feet obtained from a large Danish abattoir during summer and winter. The feet were scored according to two scoring systems: the modified Danish surveillance scoring system and a histopathology-based new scoring system specifically developed to target the ability to differentiate between broiler feet with hyperkeratosis and ulcers.

Possible risk factors for keel bone damage in organic laying hens.

Keel bone damage (KBD) in laying hens is an important welfare problem in both conventional and organic egg production systems. We aimed to identify possible risk factors for KBD in organic hens by analysing cross-sectional data of 107 flocks assessed in eight European countries. Due to partly missing data, the final multiple regression model was based on data from 50 flocks.

Welfare of layers housed in small furnished cages on Danish commercial farms: the condition of keel bone, feet, plumage and skin.

1. An on-farm assessment of keel bone, feet, plumage and skin damage was conducted in layers in small furnished cages to evaluate welfare implications. 2.

Welfare assessment of conventional and organic broilers in Denmark, with emphasis on leg health.

The aim of this study was to survey and report the walking ability in broilers housed in both conventional and organic production systems in Denmark. To this end, the authors assessed the walking ability, by using the Bristol scale, in 31 conventional broiler flocks and in 29 organic broiler flocks distributed across Denmark. In addition, assessment of contact dermatitis, leg abnormalities, scratches and plumage cleanliness, as well as postmortem analysis of tibial dyschondroplasia, was performed in conventional broilers.

Welfare Consequences of Omitting Beak Trimming in Barn Layers.

Beak trimming is used worldwide as a method of reducing the damage to feathers and skin caused by injurious pecking in laying hens. However, beak trimming also causes some welfare issues as trimming the beak results in pain and sensory loss. Due to this dilemma, there is an ongoing discussion in several European countries about whether to ban beak trimming.

Combined calcitriol and menadione reduces experimental murine triple negative breast tumor.

Background: Calcitriol (D) or 1,25(OH)D inhibits the growth of several tumor cells including breast cancer cells, by activating cell death pathways. Menadione (MEN), a glutathione-depleting compound, may be used to potentiate the antiproliferative actions of D on cancer cells. We have previously shown in vitro that MEN improved D-induced growth arrest on breast cancer cell lines, inducing oxidative stress and DNA damage via ROS generation.

Helminth infection is associated with hen mortality in Danish organic egg production.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether two highly prevalent helminth infections (Ascaridia galli and Heterakis species) are associated with an increased mortality rate for hens at the peak of lay. An observational event study with 11 farms was conducted between 2012 and 2013, with weekly mortality recordings and grouping of the farms into low-infected with A galli and Heterakis species (0-200 epg of faeces) or high-infected (over 200 epg of faeces). Survival analysis was performed using a discrete time proportional hazards model.

Feather eating and its associations with plumage damage and feathers on the floor in commercial farms of laying hens.

Feather eating has been associated with feather pecking, which continues to pose economic and welfare problems in egg production. Knowledge on feather eating is limited and studies of feather eating in commercial flocks of laying hens have not been performed previously. Therefore, the main objective was to investigate feather eating and its association with plumage damage and floor feather characteristics in commercial flocks of layers in barn and organic production systems.

Associations between and development of welfare indicators in organic layers.

The retail market share of organic eggs in Denmark is high, and the consumers expect high animal welfare standards in the organic production. Documentation of animal welfare is important, however, knowledge about the associations between animal-based welfare indicators is limited. The aims of the study were to investigate the associations between selected welfare indicators at two ages (peak and end of lay), and to examine the development with age of the chosen welfare indicators.

Prevalence and magnitude of helminth infections in organic laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) across Europe.

Helminths are associated with health- and welfare problems in organic laying hens. The present observational cross-sectional study therefore aimed to estimate the prevalence and worm burdens of intestinal helminths in organic flocks of laying hens in 8 European countries, and to identify management factors that might be associated with helminth infections, with emphasis on Ascaridia galli. Data on flock-level management factors (e.

Efficacy of albendazole:β-cyclodextrin citrate in the parenteral stage of Trichinella spiralis infection.

Albendazole-β-cyclodextrin citrate (ABZ:C-β-CD) inclusion complex in vivo antiparasitic activity was evaluated in the parenteral phase of Trichinella spiralis infection in mice. An equimolar complex of ABZ:C-β-CD was prepared by spray-drying and tested in CBi-IGE male mice orally infected with L1 infective larvae. Infected animals were treated with 50 or 30mg/kg albendazole, (ABZ) equivalent amounts of the ABZ:C-β-CD complex and non treated (controls).

Characterization of albendazole-randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex and in vivo evaluation of its antihelmitic activity in a murine model of Trichinellosis.

Albendazole is a benzimidazole carbamate extensively used in oral chemotherapy against intestinal parasites, due to its broad spectrum activity, good tolerance and low cost. However, the drug has the disadvantage of poor bioavailability due to its very low solubility in water; as a consequence, a very active area of research focuses on the development of new pharmaceutical formulations to increase its solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability. The primary objective of this study was to prepare randomly methylated β-cyclodextrins inclusion complexes to increase albendazole dissolution rate, in order to enhance its antiparasitic activity.

Trends in meat science and technology: the future looks bright, but the journey will be long.

With an increasing world population, an increase in affluence and a substantial growth in the demand for high quality protein, the meat sector faces a fantastic but challenging century. New scientific knowledge, technology and creative minds are the main ingredients in order to reach out for this great opportunity. Efficiency all the way from breeding and farming to processing and dispatch is crucial for success.

Novel albendazole formulations given during the intestinal phase of Trichinella spiralis infection reduce effectively parasitic muscle burden in mice.

Trichinellosis is a zoonotic disease affecting people all over the world, for which there is no speedy and reliable treatment. Albendazole (ABZ), an inexpensive benzimidazole used in oral chemotherapy against helminthic diseases, has a broad spectrum activity and is well tolerated. However, the low absorption and variable bioavailability of the drug due to its low aqueous solubility are serious disadvantages for a successful therapy.

Feed intake and activity level of two broiler genotypes foraging different types of vegetation in the finishing period.

A study was performed with 2 broiler genotypes (slow and medium growth) restricted in supplementary feed and foraging 2 different mixed vegetations (grass/clover or chicory) to identify possible benefits of herbage on nutrition during the finishing period (80 to 113 d of age). Three hundred birds were included in a 2 × 2 factorial design with groups of 25 birds replicated 3 times. The use of outdoor areas, performance, and forage intake were investigated.

A chemically defined production process for highly attenuated poxviruses.

Highly attenuated poxviruses are promising vectors for protective and therapeutic vaccines. These vectors do not replicate in human cells and can therefore be safely given even to immunocompromised recipients. They can accommodate very large inserts and provide strong stimulation of the immune system against the vectored antigen.

A comparison of GFP-tagged clathrin light chains with fluorochromated light chains in vivo and in vitro.

Clathrin triskelia consist of three heavy chains and three light chains (LCs). Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged LCs are widely utilized to follow the dynamics of clathrin in living cells, but whether they reflect faithfully the behavior of clathrin triskelia in cells has not been investigated yet thoroughly. As an alternative approach, we labeled purified LCs either with Alexa 488 or Cy3 dye and compared them with GFP-tagged LC variants.

Manufacturing technology in the Danish pig slaughter industry.

The Danish pig meat industry is very export oriented. Ninety per cent of the production of the big cooperative slaughterhouses is exported to more than 100 countries all over the world. This poses a requirement for the industry to be globally competitive in the sense of quality, product safety and--of course--price.

NAMPT is essential for the G-CSF-induced myeloid differentiation via a NAD(+)-sirtuin-1-dependent pathway.

We identified nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), also known as pre-B cell colony enhancing factor (PBEF), as an essential enzyme mediating granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-triggered granulopoiesis in healthy individuals and in individuals with severe congenital neutropenia. Intracellular NAMPT and NAD(+) amounts in myeloid cells, as well as plasma NAMPT and NAD(+) levels, were increased by G-CSF treatment of both healthy volunteers and individuals with congenital neutropenia. NAMPT administered both extracellularly and intracellularly induced granulocytic differentiation of CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells and of the promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60.