Reduced mitochondrial DNA copy number is associated with the haplogroup, and some clinical features of breast cancer in Mexican patients.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups have been associated with different types of cancer, including breast cancer, because they alter cellular energy metabolism. However, whether mtDNA copy number or haplogroups are predictors of oxidative stress-related risks in human breast cancer tissue in Mexican patients remains to be determined. Using quantitative real-time PCR assays and sequencing of the mtDNA hypervariable region, analysis of mtDNA copy numbers in 82 breast cancer tissues (BCT) and matched normal adjacent tissues (NAT) was performed to determine if copy number correlated with clinical features and Amerindian haplogroups (A2, B2, B4, C1 and D1) .

Urological lesions in patients undergoing obstetric hysterectomy secondary due to abnormal placental insertion in a high specialty hospital.

Objective: To describe frequency and identify risk factors for urological lesions in patients undergoing obstetric hysterectomy secondary to abnormal placental insertion in a high specialty hospital.

Material And Methods: Transversal, retrospective study of patients underwent hysterectomy due to abnormal placental insertion, from 2017 to 2019; age, obstetric antecedents, comorbidities, type of abnormal placental insertion type of hysterectomy, site of urinary lesion, anesthesia, surgery time and bleeding were studied. Analyses were made with ji square and Kruskal Wallis tests with SPSS V20.

Placenta praevia: perinatal outcomes in the experience of a third level medical unit.

Objective: To describe the perinatal results of patients who underwent complicated pregnancy with anomalous insertion of the placenta.

Method: We reviewed the clinical records with diagnosis of anomalous placental insertion after 34 weeks of gestation from January 2012 to January 2015.

Results: 200 cases were included.

[Treatment of postpartum hemorrhage with intrauterine hydrostatic condom].

Objective: To report of experience of intrauterine hydrostatic condom to control obstetric hemorrhage.

Material And Method: Descriptive, retro-prospective study. The method was use in patients who had obstetric hemorrhage and do not responded to medical management during the period from March 1st to August27, 2015 in a rural facility.

[Contraception in women with chronic diseases].

Background: Almost 10% of women in reproductive age had a chronic disease, and contraception is frequently ignored by these patients. The lack of use of contraceptives methods has a higher repercussion in these patients; if pregnant, the risk is increased in morbidity and feto-maternal mortality.

Objectives: to know the contraceptive coverage in women with chronic degenerative diseases, the kind of contraceptive methods and the unsatisfied demand.

[Interactions between markers of endothelial damage (homocysteine and asymmetric dimethylarginine) and antioxidants and B-vitamins in preeclamptic women].

Background: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related pathological condition triggered by an abnormal placentation which produces endothelial dysfunction (ED). ED, in turn, is associated with an increase in homocysteine (hcy) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA); these molecules are also increased when some of the B-vitamins are deficient. It is unclear whether increases in hcy and ADMA during preeclampsia are the result of ED, or the consequence of a B-vitamin deficiency.

Serial determinations of asymmetric dimethylarginine and homocysteine during pregnancy to predict pre-eclampsia: a longitudinal study.

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of serial determinations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations during pregnancy to predict pre-eclampsia, taking into account maternal obesity and B vitamin status.

Design: Longitudinal study.

Setting: Two obstetric referral hospitals.

[Insulin resistance frecuency in women's with polycystic ovary syndrome using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp].

Objective: To assess IR in PCOS patients, using the HE-clamp as the IR gold standard.

Material And Methods: A transversal design was done. All patients who accepted to participate provided written informed consent.

[Functionality and endometrial changes associated with induction ovulation with citrate of clomifene and recombinant FSH in infertile women].

It has been reported that infertility affects approximately 20% of couples in reproductive age around the world. Although many factors involved, ovulatory dysfunction and particularly the hypothalamus pituitary dysfunction are quite common. The first line treatment for these pathologies consists on the administration of inducing ovulation agents such as recombinant gonadotropins and clomiphene citrate which it was obtained high rates of ovulation but not of pregnancy.

Differential expression of functionality markers in mid-secretory endometrium of infertile women under treatment with ovulation-inducing agents.

Objectives: To analyze the expression of protein markers related to cell proliferation and death, as well as oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the endometrium of infertile women with hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction treated with clomiphene citrate (CC) or recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH), and compare them with ovulatory women.

Study Design: The study included 12 control ovulatory women and 29 anovulatory women, 19 of whom underwent ovulation induction with CC (n = 12) or rFSH (n = 5). Endometrial biopsies were obtained by Pipelle during the mid-secretory phase.

PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism is associated with improved lipoprotein lipase functioning in adipose tissue of insulin resistant obese women.

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays a pivotal role in lipid metabolism, contributes to metabolic disorders related to insulin action and body weight regulation, and is influenced by inflammation. The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ2 gene seems to influence LPL functioning, but its role in obesity and insulin resistance status, which usually coexist in the clinical setting, has not been explored. Our aim was to analyze the association of obesity and insulin resistance with adipose LPL activity and expression, and the influence of the PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism.

[Insulin sensitivity in patients not responding to ovulation induction using clomiphene citrate].

Background: The role of insulin resistance (IR) of infertile patients with chronic anovulation in their therapeutic failure to clomiphene citrate (CC) is not quite clear.

Objective: Determine the sensitivity to insulin in patients with chronic anovulation and failure to the treatment with clomiphene citrate.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional clinical study in infertile patients with clomiphene citrate resistance and in patients with adequate response to clomiphene citrate was carried out.

[Clinical aptitude of residents that attend patients with the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia].

Objective: To build, validate and apply an instrument to evaluate the clinical aptitude in intraepitelial cervical neoplasia (ICN) in residents.

Methods: The instrument included four clinical real cases, validated by experts and included 106 items using true, false and don't know answers. A pilot test and the 21 Kuder-Richardson formula were used to estimate consistency.

Breast cancer quality of life evaluation in Mexican Women at La Raza Hospital, Mexico City: A preliminary approach.

Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of death among Mexican women over 40 years of age. This study aimed to identify and examine the effects of cancer stage and surgical treatment on the quality of life (QOL) of Mexican women with early stage breast cancer (ESBC) treated with either modified radical mastectomy (MRM) or breast conservative surgery (BCS), plus adjuvant chemotherapy. The QLQ-C30 and QLQ BR-23 questionnaires were used to assess QOL.

[TNF-alpha, C-reactive protein and serum adiponectin modified in infertile patients with insulin resistance].

Background: Women's reproductive potential is closely related to nutritional status. Some of the molecules that participate in ovarian regulation are produced in the adipose tissue, and therefore their production is associated with adiposity.

Objective: To determine serum leptin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in infertile women with or without insulin resistance; and to associate these molecules with adiposity.

[Diagnostic and frequency of fetal heart disease by echocardiography in pregnancies with high-risk factors].

Background: Fetal heart diseases are increasingly frequent. These are part of birth defects and, therefore, appear in early phases of the gestation. Diagnosis or early detection of functional and structural abnormalities of the heart allows to the obstetrician and the pediatric cardiologist to plan, in a timely manner, the treatment and prenatal and postnatal monitoring with the purpose of preventing complications.

[Serum levels of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in infertile patients with ovarian dysfunction].

Background: Some cytokines that take part in the ovarian cycle regulation, such as IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha play an important role during growth and development of ovarian follicle. Quantification of some cytokines is promissory in the work-up of ovarian reproductive pathology.

Objective: To determine serum levels of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in infertile patients with ovarian dysfunction and to compare them with those found in ovulatory patients.

[Primary sterility and cervical pregnancy. A case report].

Fortunately cervical pregnancy, an ectopic gestation that frequently represents obstetric urgency, is a rare entity. We present here the case of a woman who developed cervical pregnancy despite no risk factor associated with ectopic pregnancy was identified. The patient came to the office because of primary sterility of 4 years of evolution.

[Insulin-glucose ratio and body fat composition in patients with chronic anovulation and sterility].

A clinical, descriptive, and transversal study was conducted in a group of patients with chronic anovulation and sterility, to correlate insulin resistance, determined by the fasting glucose/insulin ratio, with body fat composition using anthropometrics parameters and the interaction of light near infrared region method, we studied 41 young patients with chronic anovulation and sterility. Based on their body mass index, all patients had obesity or overweight. Similarly, most of them presented with a percentage of body fat over the recommended limits.

[Ovarian apoptosis].

Apoptosis, or programmed cell-dead is one of the main mechanisms in the process of tissular loss. This is an active process of cellular depletion that participates in a direct manner in tissular homeostasis during the life span. This apoptotic process is a key event on the pathology of tumors development.

[Flexible vaginal cast covered with oxidated cellulose. Surgical option in neovagina for patients with Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome].

The alterations in differentiation of the mullerian derivatives and urogenital sinus are a frequent cause of demanding attention in the gynecologist office. Vaginal agenesis and hypoplasia are the representative events of alterations of human sexual differentiation. Handling such conditions is in direct relationship to the magnitude of the anatomical damage and the biopsychosocial consequences of such pathologies.

[Clomiphene acetate and prednisone: alternative approach for the management of patients with chronic anovulation and clomiphene treatment failure].

Chronic anovulation is a common neuroendocrine cause of infertility. Pharmacological management of such condition includes the use of clomiphen citrate (CC), which is the most utilized of the ovulation inductors. Clinical efficacy of CC provides ovulation rates of around 70%.

[Heterotopic pregnancy following ovulation induction by clomiphene citrate and prednisone. Report of a case].

Heterotopic pregnancy (HP) is a very rare pathologic event. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy has increased as the consequence of assisted reproduction and the wider use of ovulation induction agents. The diagnosis of HP is frequently done not as earlier as it should be, and it has serious repercussions.

[The peritoneal environment: physiopathogenesis of endometriosis].

In this report an hypothetical model of the pathophysiology of endometriosis is reviewed based on recent literature, focusing a variety of factors within the specific environment confined by peritoneum, whose alteration has repercussion among endometriotic and immune response cells relationships. At this point vasoactive substances, cytokines (interleukines and growth factors), and menstrual cycle hormones may act as soluble mediators that are able to induce several effects over cellular proliferation, growth and differentiation; and expression of new antigenic epitopes and cell adhesion molecules. This interactions are evident through inflammatory and immune responses, wound repair, fibrosis and pelvic adhesion formation, producing an adequate peritoneal environment for the initiation, maintenance, and progression of endometriotic implants.

[Immunological aspects of endometriosis].

The effect of adherence process on Fallopian tubes and ovaries in late stages endometriosis is clear, but it is more important to understand pathophysiologic mechanism of infertility in minimal, mild endometriosis. Although the etiology of endometriosis is unknown, components of the immune system may be involved and play a central role in the pathogenesis of the disease by immunologically altering the peritoneal microenvironment. Increased number and activity of leucocyte subpopulations in the peritoneal fluid result in cytotoxic effects that exert adverse influence on spermatozoa, oocyte, germ cell interaction, and early embryo development, while cytokine and growth factor secretion stimulates or promotes cellular proliferation of endometriotic tissue in an "immunological tolerance" environment.