Decision model to evaluate the cost of clinical events associated with switching from Apixaban to Rivaroxaban among patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in the United States and Germany.

Aims: Direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have emerged as the preferred treatment for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). However, evidence concerning the economic outcomes of DOAC switching remains limited. This study aimed to assess the economic outcomes of DOAC switching in the US and Germany, two countries with a high AF prevalence and DOAC utilization.

Racial differences and geographic variations in oral anticoagulation treatment among Medicare patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

Introduction: Use of oral anticoagulants (OACs) for stroke reduction in atrial fibrillation (AF) varies by race and geography within the United States. We seek to better understand the relationship between OAC underutilization, race, and US geography.

Methods: Patients with AF were selected from the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services claims database from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2016.

US cost-effectiveness analysis of apixaban compared with warfarin, dabigatran and rivaroxaban for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, focusing on equal value of life years and health years in total.

Warfarin and direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are widely prescribed to patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) to reduce risk of stroke and systemic embolism (SE). This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of apixaban compared with warfarin, dabigatran and rivaroxaban, for patients with NVAF from a US healthcare payer (Medicare) perspective. A cohort-level Markov model was developed based on a previously published model, for the US setting, factoring in anticipated price decreases due to market entry of generic drugs.

Outward depolarization of the microglia mitochondrial membrane potential following lipopolysaccharide exposure: a novel screening tool for microglia metabolomics.

Microglia are non-electrogenic immune cells that respond rapidly to protect the central nervous system (CNS) from infections, injuries, or other forms of damage. Microglia mitochondria are essential for providing the requisite energy resources for immune regulation. While fluctuations in energy metabolism are regulated by mitochondria and are reflected in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), there remains a lack of innovation in microglia-centric tools that capitalize on this.

Study protocol for a pilot quasi-experimental study on oral health education for nurses and community health workers in Nigeria.

Introduction: The primary health care system provides an ideal setting for the integration of oral health into general health care as well as equitable access to oral health care. However, the limited oral health knowledge of primary health care workers necessitates appropriate training before they can participate in health promotion efforts. This pilot training was designed to examine the impact of the Oral Health Education module for Nurses and Community Health Care Workers on their oral health awareness and referral practices.

The effects and benefits of a latent print AFIS deferral policy.

Forensic laboratories in the United States had an estimated backlog of 570,100 requests for all forensic services at the end of 2014. Latent print requests represented approximately 12% of that total backlog [1, NIJ 2019]. With ever-increasing demands and backlogs, a review of laboratory or section practices becomes vital to operations.

"Because We Are Afraid": voices of the undocumented in a new immigrant destination in the United States.

The purpose of this study is to explore immigrants' perceptions of their daily lives in a state with anti-immigrant policies in the United States. Using snowball sampling, researchers recruited a sample of 30 Latino immigrants in southwest Montana. The research team conducted semi-structured interviews in Spanish and analyzed the data using thematic analysis.

The Association Between Social Determinants of Health, Risk Factors, Job Performance, and Health Care Costs in an Employed Population.

The aim of the study is to compare employees of a US school district based on their social determinants of health (SDoH). Methods: Employees ( N = 5006) were categorized into low-, medium-, or high-need SDoH tiers. Of them, n = 2469 also participated in a health risk appraisal in 2019.

Social jet lag impairs exercise volume and attenuates physiological and metabolic adaptations to voluntary exercise training.

Social jet lag (SJL) is a misalignment between sleep and wake times on workdays and free days. SJL leads to chronic circadian rhythm disruption and may affect nearly 70% of the general population, leading to increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases. This study investigated the effects of SJL on metabolic health, exercise performance, and exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptations in mice.

Payer approval and rejection of oral anticoagulant prescriptions and prescription abandonment patterns among patients with venous thromboembolism.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major public health condition that renders patients at risk of recurrent events, which significantly increases their morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Apart from warfarin, direct oral anticoagulants, such as apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban, are approved for VTE treatment. Cardiovascular drugs are largely impacted by formulary restrictions; however, the impact on oral anticoagulants (including warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants) in VTE has not been well studied.

The Association between Direct Oral Anticoagulants Prescribing Behavior and Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation Outcomes: An Instrumental Variable Analysis of Real-World Data.

Several observational studies have compared apixaban with rivaroxaban in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), but these analyses may be confounded by unmeasured characteristics. This study used provider prescribing preference (PPP) as an instrumental variable (IV) to assess the association between prescriber choice of rivaroxaban vs. apixaban and the study outcomes of stroke/systemic embolism (SE), major bleeding, and death in a retrospective cohort of NVAF patients in the US.

Are "well" teachers "better" teachers? A look into the relationship between first-year teacher emotion and use of evidence-based instructional strategies.

Teachers experience significant stress with 93% reported high levels of stress (Herman et al., 2018), and literature examining teacher stress levels during the COVID-19 pandemic reveals that 30 percent of teachers experience significantly high levels of stress (Silva et al., 2021).

Journey to anticoagulant access following payer rejection of apixaban.

Objectives: To investigate the journey to oral anticoagulant (OAC) access following formulary-related rejection of apixaban (Eliquis) and evaluate characteristics associated with failure to achieve OAC access among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Study Design: Retrospective study using the Optum Market Clarity Data from January 2016 through February 2020.

Methods: Patients had at least 1 claim rejection for apixaban due to prior authorization (PA), formulary exclusion (FE), or quantity limit (QL) and at least 1 AF diagnosis on or before the rejected claim.

Early Mobilization, Early Ambulation, and Burn Therapy in the Acute Hospital Setting.

Rehabilitation therapies in the burn acute care environment continue to evolve. Immediate access to therapy is considered standard, and therapy is a key component of the transprofessional care team. Early positioning, edema management, and therapy care in the intensive care unit (ICU) environment can limit later complications; mobility in the ICU can be engaged safely using a systems-based approach in the absence of nondirectable agitation.

A Pilot Study of Idiopathic Toe Walking: Measures and Outcomes.

This pilot study sought to determine the feasibility of quantifying sensory processing, postural control, motor skill development and participation in daily life in children with idiopathic toe walking (ITW) compared to children without ITW. A nonrandomized, prospective case-control design was employed. Twenty participants were recruited.

Payer formulary tier increases of apixaban: how patients respond and potential implications.

Objective: To assess potential impacts of formulary tier increases of apixaban-an efficacious oral anticoagulant (OAC) for preventing stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF)-on patients' prescription drug plan (PDP) switching and OAC treatment patterns.

Methods: Nationwide claims data for Medicare beneficiaries with Parts A, B, and D (100% sample) were used to assess apixaban-treated AF patients who faced a formulary tier increase for apixaban in 2017 by their Part D PDP. Patients' out-of-pocket (OOP) costs for apixaban were described, along with PDP switching and OAC treatment patterns.

Neural phase angle from two months when tracking speech and non-speech rhythm linked to language performance from 12 to 24 months.

Atypical phase alignment of low-frequency neural oscillations to speech rhythm has been implicated in phonological deficits in developmental dyslexia. Atypical phase alignment to rhythm could thus also characterize infants at risk for later language difficulties. Here, we investigate phase-language mechanisms in a neurotypical infant sample.

A Real-World Evaluation of Primary Medication Nonadherence in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Prescribed Oral Anticoagulants in the United States.

Background: Nonadherence to oral anticoagulants (OACs) is a challenge to stroke risk reduction in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Data on primary medication nonadherence (PMN) in NVAF are lacking.

Objectives: Our aim was to assess the rates and predictors of PMN among NVAF patients who were newly prescribed an OAC.