Opioid Sparing Anesthesia for Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery Reduces Postoperative Pain, Length of Stay, Opioid Consumption, and Opioid-Related Complications: A Propensity-Matched Analysis.

Study Design: This study was a retrospective propensity-matched study of patients receiving opioid sparing anesthesia (OSA) and those who did not receive an opioid sparing anesthesia regimen.

Objectives: To determine whether patients undergoing spine fusion for deformity fared better with an OSA regimen than those not having an OSA regimen.

Summary Of Background Data: There has been a tremendous focus on opioid overuse.

Learning early about peanut-triggered food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome.

Background: Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-immunoglobulin E mediated food allergy that typically presents with repetitive emesis and may be associated with lethargy, marked pallor, hypotension, hypothermia, and/or diarrhea. Although many foods are known to cause FPIES, peanut-triggered FPIES is emerging due to changes in the feeding practice guidelines, which recommends early peanut introduction in infants.

Objective: We aimed to characterize peanut-triggered acute FPIES cases in our pediatric population and to describe their attributes, treatment, and outcomes.

Aspiration removal of orbitofrontal cortex disrupts cholinergic fibers of passage to anterior cingulate cortex in rhesus macaques.

The study of anthropoid nonhuman primates has provided valuable insights into frontal cortex function in humans, as these primates share similar frontal anatomical subdivisions (Murray et al. 2011). Causal manipulation studies have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of this area.

Divergent opioid-mediated suppression of inhibition between hippocampus and neocortex across species and development.

Opioid receptors within the CNS regulate pain sensation and mood and are key targets for drugs of abuse. Within the adult rodent hippocampus (HPC), μ-opioid receptor agonists suppress inhibitory parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PV-INs), thus disinhibiting the circuit. However, it is uncertain if this disinhibitory motif is conserved in other cortical regions, species, or across development.

A worldwide population of strains circulating among school-aged children in Auckland, New Zealand: a genomic epidemiology analysis.

Background: Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a serious post-infectious sequala of Group A (GAS, ). In New Zealand (NZ) ARF is a major cause of health inequity. This study describes the genomic analysis of GAS isolates associated with childhood skin and throat infections in Auckland NZ.

First Measurement of the Nuclear-Recoil Ionization Yield in Silicon at 100 eV.

We measured the nuclear-recoil ionization yield in silicon with a cryogenic phonon-sensitive gram-scale detector. Neutrons from a monoenergetic beam scatter off of the silicon nuclei at angles corresponding to energy depositions from 4 keV down to 100 eV, the lowest energy probed so far. The results show no sign of an ionization production threshold above 100 eV.

Opioid-sparing Anesthesia Decreases In-hospital and 1-year Postoperative Opioid Consumption Compared With Traditional Anesthesia: A Propensity-matched Cohort Study.

Study Design: Propensity-matched cohort.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if opioid-sparing anesthesia (OSA) reduces in-hospital and 1-year postoperative opioid consumption.

Summary Of Background Data: The recent opioid crisis highlights the need to reduce opioid exposure.

Safety and Efficacy of a New Water Gradient Biomimetic Monthly Replacement Spherical Contact Lens Material (Lehfilcon A).

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and performance of the investigational lens, lehfilcon A, when worn in a daily wear modality and replaced monthly as compared to the commercially available comfilcon A contact lens.

Methods: This was a multicenter, prospective, controlled, double-masked, randomized, parallel-group clinical study with bilateral lens wear for 3 months. In all, 115 subjects completed the study (77 with test lehfilcon A and 38 with control comfilcon A contact lenses).

Constraints on Lightly Ionizing Particles from CDMSlite.

The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search low ionization threshold experiment (CDMSlite) achieved efficient detection of very small recoil energies in its germanium target, resulting in sensitivity to lightly ionizing particles (LIPs) in a previously unexplored region of charge, mass, and velocity parameter space. We report first direct-detection limits calculated using the optimum interval method on the vertical intensity of cosmogenically produced LIPs with an electric charge smaller than e/(3×10^{5}), as well as the strongest limits for charge ≤e/160, with a minimum vertical intensity of 1.36×10^{-7}  cm^{-2} s^{-1} sr^{-1} at charge e/160.

Light Dark Matter Search with a High-Resolution Athermal Phonon Detector Operated above Ground.

We present limits on spin-independent dark matter-nucleon interactions using a 10.6 g Si athermal phonon detector with a baseline energy resolution of σ_{E}=3.86±0.

Feeding Behaviour and Bioavailability of Essential Amino Acids in Shrimp Fed Fresh and Leached Fishmeal and Fishmeal-Free Diets.

The complete replacement of fishmeal with terrestrial meals did not have a negative impact on the attractiveness, palatability, and apparent digestibility of the formulation. Shrimp were found on average to eat more and have similar appetite revival on the terrestrial meal-based formulation (TM) diet compared to the traditional fishmeal-based formulation (FM) diet. However, methionine (Met) and lysine (Lys) leached out rapidly from the TM diet, and as a result, this initially overfortified diet showed lower levels of those AA in comparison to FM after 60 min immersion.

The visual prefrontal cortex of anthropoids: interaction with temporal cortex in decision making and its role in the making of "visual animals".

The ventral prefrontal cortex (PFC) of primates-a region strongly implicated in decision making-receives highly processed visual sensory inputs from the inferior temporal cortex (ITC) and perirhinal cortex (PRC) and can therefore be considered PFC. Usually, the functions of temporal cortex and visual PFC have been discussed in separate literatures. By considering them together, we aim to clarify the ways in which fronto-temporal networks guide decision making.

Lingual Tonsillectomy: Successful Treatment of Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis, and Cervical Adenitis Syndrome.

Background: PFAPA (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis) syndrome is diagnosed clinically. Adult-onset PFAPA syndrome is rare and often has a more diverse clinical presentation that its childhood counterpart. This is the first reported case of adult-onset PFAPA syndrome with complete response to lingual tonsillectomy.

The Role of GnRH Receptor Autoantibodies in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Objective: Is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) associated with activating autoantibodies (AAb) to the second extracellular loop (ECL2) of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR)?

Design And Methods: We retrospectively screened sera from 40 patients with PCOS and 14 normal controls (NCs) with regular menses using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of GnRHR-ECL2-AAb. We obtained similar data from 40 non-PCOS ovulatory but infertile patients as a control group (OIC) of interest. We analyzed GnRHR-ECL2-AAb activity in purified immunoglobulin (Ig)G using a cell-based GnRHR bioassay.

Safe Management of Nausea and Vomiting During Pregnancy in the Emergency Department.

Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy are a frequent complaint in the emergency department, with a significant economic burden on the patient and health care system. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) in January 2018 released an updated practice bulletin discussing the latest guidelines to managing nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. This article discusses the incidence, prevalence, and economic costs regarding medical visits for pregnancy-associated nausea and vomiting.

Adrenergic Autoantibody-Induced Postural Tachycardia Syndrome in Rabbits.

Background Previous studies have demonstrated that functional autoantibodies to adrenergic receptors may be involved in the pathogenesis of postural tachycardia syndrome. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of these autoantibodies on cardiovascular responses to postural changes and adrenergic orthosteric ligand infusions in immunized rabbits. Methods and Results Eight New Zealand white rabbits were coimmunized with peptides from the α1-adrenergic receptor and β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR).

Dynamic CRMP2 Regulation of CaV2.2 in the Prefrontal Cortex Contributes to the Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking.

Cocaine addiction remains a major health concern with limited effective treatment options. A better understanding of mechanisms underlying relapse may help inform the development of new pharmacotherapies. Emerging evidence suggests that collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) regulates presynaptic excitatory neurotransmission and contributes to pathological changes during diseases, such as neuropathic pain and substance use disorders.

Minimally invasive biomarker studies in eosinophilic esophagitis: A systematic review.

Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the esophagus that currently requires repeated endoscopic biopsies for diagnosis and monitoring because no reliable noninvasive markers have been identified.

Objective: To identify promising minimally invasive EoE biomarkers and remaining gaps in biomarker validation.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science from inception to June 6, 2017.

Insecticidal activities of histone deacetylase inhibitors against a dipteran parasite of sheep, Lucilia cuprina.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are being investigated for the control of various human parasites. Here we investigate their potential as insecticides for the control of a major ecto-parasite of sheep, the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina. We assessed the ability of HDACi from various chemical classes to inhibit the development of blowfly larvae in vitro, and to inhibit HDAC activity in nuclear protein extracts prepared from blowfly eggs.

In vitro Anti-Thrombotic Activity of Extracts from Blacklip Abalone (Haliotis rubra) Processing Waste.

Waste generated from the processing of marine organisms for food represents an underutilized resource that has the potential to provide bioactive molecules with pharmaceutical applications. Some of these molecules have known anti-thrombotic and anti-coagulant activities and are being investigated as alternatives to common anti-thrombotic drugs, like heparin and warfarin that have serious side effects. In the current study, extracts prepared from blacklip abalone () processing waste, using food grade enzymes papain and bromelain, were found to contain sulphated polysaccharide with anti-thrombotic activity.

Histone deacetylase enzymes as drug targets for the control of the sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina.

The Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, is an ecto-parasite that causes significant economic losses in the sheep industry. Emerging resistance to insecticides used to protect sheep from this parasite is driving the search for new drugs that act via different mechanisms. Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs), enzymes essential for regulating eukaryotic gene transcription, are prospective new insecticides based on their capacity to kill human parasites.

Search for low-mass weakly interacting massive particles with SuperCDMS.

We report a first search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) using the background rejection capabilities of SuperCDMS. An exposure of 577 kg days was analyzed for WIMPs with mass <30  GeV/c(2), with the signal region blinded. Eleven events were observed after unblinding.