Efficient removal of tetracycline by VCo-layered double hydroxide encapsulated with chitosan: Optimization via Box-Behnken design, and thermodynamics.

The VCo-LDH/CS hydrogel beads were created by combining VCo-layered double hydroxide (VCo-LDH) and chitosan (CS) using a cross-linking process with epichlorohydrin. These beads were specifically designed to remove tetracycline (TTC). To characterize the VCo-LDH/CS hydrogel beads, several analytical techniques were used, with PXRD, XPS, FESEM, EDX, and FT-IR.