Retraction: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Mimicking as Pulmonary Tuberculosis in an Inmate.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8464.

Pulmonary Functions and Factors Affecting Them in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Objective: To determine the pulmonary functions in patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and factors affecting them.

Study Design:  Observational study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Nephrology Department, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from October 2018 to April 2019.

An Extremely Rare Case of Anomalous Left Main Coronary Artery Originating From Single Right Coronary Ostium Managed Using Heart Team Approach.

Anomalies of coronary artery origin are rare, difficult to diagnose using conventional testing methods and extremely challenging to eventually manage once diagnosed. The risk of adverse outcomes increases as such patients age and develop atherosclerosis in such vessels. A comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach may be required to best manage such difficult cases.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Mimicking as Pulmonary Tuberculosis in an Inmate.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging global infectious disease with emerging medical knowledge. Clinical presentation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is very variable amongst patients, and the literature about unusual presentations is growing rapidly. This lack of knowledge leads to diagnostic, therapeutic, and management challenges in such patients.

Diagnostic Challenge in a Symptomatic Patient of Arteria Lusoria with Retro-esophageal Right Subclavian Artery and Absent Brachiocephalic Trunk.

A combination of absent brachiocepahlic trunk and anomalous left circumflex artery with a retro-esophageal right subclavian artery is an extremely rare finding. This can clinically manifest as episodic dysphagia and chest pain. Routine coronary angiography via femoral access could be misleading and right radial access in such cases can be particularly challenging and has never been reported in literature before.

Granulomatous Interstitial Nephritis: A Rare Cause of Acute Kidney Injury.

Acute granulomatous interstitial nephritis (GIN) is a rare cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) but treatable. It is present in 0.5 to 0.

Klebsiella Pneumoniae Liver Abscess: a Case Report and Review of Literature.

Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.pneumoniae) is a known cause of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) in the absence of hepatobiliary disease. In settings of hepatic infection, it has also been known to cause disseminated infections including meningitis and endopthalmitis.

Effects of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockade in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease.

Blockers of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are routinely used in patients with chronic kidney disease because of their cardiovascular (CV) and renoprotective effects. However, there are no uniform recommendations about RAAS blockers for CV protection in the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) population other than the preferred drug class for blood pressure control. This uncertainty stems from the fact that patients with ESRD were generally excluded from randomized controlled trials evaluating the cardioprotective benefits of RAAS blockers.