Reticular Pseudodrusen: Impact of Their Presence and Extent on Local Rod Function in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: To understand the spatial relationship between local rod-mediated visual function and reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) in eyes with large drusen.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Participants: One eye with large drusen (>125 μm) each from 91 individuals with intermediate age-related macular degeneration, with and without RPD.

HYPERREFLECTIVE FOCI NOT SEEN AS HYPERPIGMENTARY ABNORMALITIES ON COLOR FUNDUS PHOTOGRAPHS IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION.

Purpose: To investigate the prognostic value of quantifying optical coherence tomography (OCT)-defined hyperreflective foci (HRF) that do not correspond to hyperpigmentary abnormalities (HPAs) on color fundus photographs (CFPs)-HRF (OCT+/CFP-) -when considered in addition to HPA extent, for predicting late age-related macular degeneration development. This study sought to understand the impact of HRF (OCT+/CFP-) extent on visual sensitivity.

Methods: Two hundred eighty eyes from 140 participants with bilateral large drusen underwent imaging and microperimetry at baseline, and then 6-monthly for 3-years.

A semi-automated pipeline for quantifying drusen-like deposits in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium cells.

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a highly prevalent form of retinal disease amongst Western communities over 50 years of age. A hallmark of AMD pathogenesis is the accumulation of drusen underneath the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a biological process also observable in vitro. The accumulation of drusen has been shown to predict the progression to advanced AMD, making accurate characterisation of drusen in vitro models valuable in disease modelling and drug development.

Hyperpigmentary abnormalities in age-related macular degeneration: association with progression and impact on visual sensitivity.

Background/aims: To investigate the additional prognostic value of quantifying the extent of colour fundus photography (CFP)-defined hyperpigmentary abnormalities (HPAs) compared with their presence alone for predicting progression to late-stage age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to understand their association with visual sensitivity in individuals with intermediate AMD.

Methods: 140 participants with bilateral large drusen underwent multimodal imaging and microperimetry at baseline and then every 6 months for up to 3 years. Baseline CFPs were graded for the presence of HPAs and their extent was quantified.

A Deep Learning Framework for the Detection and Quantification of Reticular Pseudodrusen and Drusen on Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a deep learning (DL) framework for the detection and quantification of reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) and drusen on optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans.

Methods: A DL framework was developed consisting of a classification model and an out-of-distribution (OOD) detection model for the identification of ungradable scans; a classification model to identify scans with drusen or RPD; and an image segmentation model to independently segment lesions as RPD or drusen. Data were obtained from 1284 participants in the UK Biobank (UKBB) with a self-reported diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and 250 UKBB controls.

Exploring Reticular Pseudodrusen Extent and Impact on Mesopic Visual Sensitivity in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: To explore the impact of the extent of reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) on mesopic visual sensitivity in individuals with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: In total, 570 eyes from 285 participants with bilateral large drusen underwent microperimetry testing to assess the visual sensitivity of the central 3.6-mm region and multimodal imaging to determine the extent of RPD in the central 20° × 20° region (at the eye level).

Reticular Pseudodrusen on the Risk of Progression in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: To examine the association between reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) and progression to late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in individuals with intermediate AMD.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Methods: Two hundred eighty eyes from 140 participants with bilateral large drusen underwent multimodal imaging (MMI), including optical coherence tomography (OCT), near-infrared reflectance (NIR), fundus autofluorescence, and color fundus photography (CFP), at 6-monthly intervals up over a 36-month follow-up period.

A clinical perspective on the expanding role of artificial intelligence in age-related macular degeneration.

In recent years, there has been intense development of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, which have the potential to improve the clinical management of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and facilitate the prevention of irreversible vision loss from this condition. Such AI techniques could be used as clinical decision support tools to: (i) improve the detection of AMD by community eye health practitioners, (ii) enhance risk stratification to enable personalised monitoring strategies for those with the early stages of AMD, and (iii) enable early detection of signs indicative of possible choroidal neovascularisation allowing triaging of patients requiring urgent review. This review discusses the latest developments in AI techniques that show promise for these tasks, as well as how they may help in the management of patients being treated for choroidal neovascularisation and in accelerating the discovery of new treatments in AMD.

Reticular pseudodrusen: A critical phenotype in age-related macular degeneration.

Reticular pseudodrusen (RPD), or subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD), refer to distinct lesions that occur in the subretinal space. Over the past three decades, their presence in association with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has become increasingly recognized, especially as RPD have become more easily distinguished with newer clinical imaging modalities. There is also an increasing appreciation that RPD appear to be a critical AMD phenotype, where understanding their pathogenesis will provide further insights into the processes driving vision loss in AMD.

Idiopathic hypertrophic cranial polyneuropathy: a rare cause of orbital pain.

Hypertrophic cranial polyneuropathy (HCP) is sporadically encountered in clinical practice. Aetiologies of HCP have been classified as autoimmune, infectious and demyelinating. However, an accurate diagnosis remains elusive in some cases despite rigorous investigations.

Hypertension, blood pressure control and diabetic retinopathy in a large population-based study.

Background: Clinical trials have shown beneficial effects of blood pressure (BP) control in reducing the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, association between BP control and DR in population-based studies is not clear. We aimed to examine the association of hypertension and BP control with DR.

Association between Optical Coherence Tomography and Fluorescein Angiography based retinal features in the diagnosis of Macular Edema.

The association between optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the geometrical vascular parameters obtained from the fluorescein angiography (FA) of the eyes with macular edema (ME) was investigated. Data from 82 untreated eyes with ME were studied. Fractal dimension (FD), simple tortuosity, branching angle, total angle count and vessel to background ratio were the five vasculature parameters from FA that were studied.

Transnational review of visual standards for driving: How Australia compares with the rest of the world.

Importance: Driving is a highly visual task and a primary mode of transportation for many people around the world.

Background: There appears to be little uniformity of vision standards across the world for driving. We reviewed the basic screening visual requirements for obtaining standard private and commercial driving licences for a total of 70 jurisdictions, and reviewed the evidence behind these standards.

Bleb-associated endophthalmitis: Proportion, presentation, management and outcomes in Victoria, Australia.

Importance: Bleb-associated endophthalmitis is a potentially vision-threatening complication of trabeculectomy. With improvements in surgical technique and changing patterns of intraoperative antimetabolite use, a re-evaluation of the incidence of bleb-associated endophthalmitis is warranted.

Background: To investigate changes in the incidence, presentation, management and outcomes of bleb-associated endophthalmitis between 1997 and 2015 in Victoria, Australia.

Agreement study between color and IR retinal images based on retinal vasculature morphological parameters.

Background: Color fundus photography have been extensively used to explore the link between retinal morphology changes associated with various disease i.e. Diabetic Retinopathy, Glaucoma.

Glaucoma laser and surgical procedure rates in Australia.

Aim: To determine trends in the number of glaucoma laser and surgical procedures performed in Australia between 1994 and 2014.

Methods: Medicare claims were analysed to determine the number of glaucoma-related procedures reimbursed in Australia between 1994 and 2014. Glaucoma procedures were identified by Medicare Benefits Schedule item number and analysed by age range, gender, state, month and year.