Optimization and Characterization of an Ultra-Thermostable, Acidophilic, Cellulase-Free Xylanase from a New Obligate Thermophilic Geobacillus thermoleovorans AKNT10 and its Application in Saccharification of Wheat Bran.

Microbial xylanases are enzymes of great importance due to their wide industrial applications, especially in the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars. This study aimed to describe the production optimization and partial characterization of an ultra-thermostable, acidophilic, cellulase-free xylanase from an obligate thermophilic eubacterium Geobacillus thermoleovorans strain-AKNT10 (Ac.No.

Mechanosensitive Endocytosis of High-Stiffness, Submicron Microgels in Macrophage and Hepatocarcinoma Cell Lines.

The mechanical properties of submicron particles offer a unique design space for advanced drug-delivery particle engineering. However, the recognition of this potential is limited by a poor consensus about both the specificity and sensitivity of mechanosensitive endocytosis over a broad particle stiffness range. In this report, our model series of polystyrene--poly(-isopropylacrylamide) (pS--NIPAM) microgels have been prepared with a nominally constant monomer composition (50 mol % styrene and 50 mol % NIPAM) with varied bis-acrylamide cross-linking densities to introduce a tuned spectrum of particle mechanics without significant variation in particle size and surface charge.

Core and surface microgel mechanics are differentially sensitive to alternative crosslinking concentrations.

Microgel mechanics are central to the swelling of stimuli-responsive materials and furthermore have recently emerged as a novel design space for tuning the uptake of nanotherapeutics. Despite this importance, the techniques available to assess mechanics, at the sub-micron scale, remain limited. In this report, all mechanical moduli for a series of air-dried, polystyrene-co-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pS-co-NIPAM) microgels of varying composition in monomer and crosslinker (N,N'-methylene-bisacrylamide (BIS)) mol% have been determined using Brillouin light scattering (BLS) and AFM nanoindentation.

Time-resolved resonance Raman studies on proton-induced electron-transfer reaction from triplet excited state of 2-methoxynaphthalene to decafluorobenzophenone.

In this paper, time-resolved resonance Raman (TR3) spectra of intermediates generated by proton-induced electron-transfer reaction between triplet 2-methoxynaphthalene ((3)ROMe) and decafluorobenzophenone (DFBP) are presented. The TR3 vibrational spectra and structure of 2-methoxynaphthalene cation radical (ROMe(•+)) have been analyzed by density functional theory (DFT) calculation. It is observed that the structure of naphthalene ring of ROMe(•+) deviates from the structure of cation radical of naphthalene.

Influence of solvent on photoinduced electron-transfer reaction: time-resolved resonance Raman study.

Time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy (TR3) has been used to study the effect of solvent polarity on the mechanism and nature of intermediates formed in photoinduced electron-transfer reaction between triplet flouranil ((3)FL) and tetramethylbenzene (TMB). Comparison of the TR3 spectra in polar, nonpolar, and medium polar media suggests that formation of radical anion due to electron-transfer reaction between (3)FL and TMB is favored in more polar solvents, whereas ketyl radical formation is more favored in less polar media. Compared to ketyl radical, the extent of radical anion formation is negligible in nonpolar solvents.

Elastic constants and related mechanical properties of the monoclinic polymorph of the carbamazepine molecular crystal.

Brillouin scattering has been used to probe the acoustic phonons of the monoclinic (P21/c) polymorph of the drug carbamazepine (CBZ III). By sampling a variety of acoustic phonons, the complete elastic constant tensor has been determined for this CBZ polymorph. The diagonal elastic constants c11, c22, c33, c44, c55 and c66 are 10.