A novel liposomal formulation for ocular delivery of caspofungin: an experimental study by quality by design-based approach.

This study focuses on the development of a Caspofungin liposome for efficient ocular delivery by enhancing corneal penetration. Quality by design (QbD) approach was adopted to identify critical factors that influence final liposomal formulation. The liposome developed using thin film hydration after optimization was subjected to characterization for physicochemical properties, irritation potential and corneal uptake.

Inhalable solid lipid nanoparticles of levofloxacin for potential tuberculosis treatment.

Delivering novel antimycobacterial agents through the pulmonary route using nanoparticle-based systems shows promise for treating diseases like tuberculosis. However, creating dry powder inhaler (DPI) with suitable aerodynamic characteristics while preserving nanostructure integrity and maintaining bioactivity until the active ingredient travels deeply into the lungs is a difficult challenge. We developed DPI formulations containing levofloxacin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) via spray-drying technique with tailored aerosolization characteristics for effective inhalation therapy.

Untargeted metabolomics, optimization of microwave-assisted extraction using Box-Behnken design and evaluation of antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities of sugarcane bagasse.

Introduction: The fruit wastes, in particular agricultural wastes, are considered potential and inexpensive sources of bioactive compounds.

Objective: The current study was aimed at the preparation of an optimized extract of sugarcane bagasse using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technology and comparative evaluation of chemical composition, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities with extract prepared through maceration technique.

Methodology: Box-Behnken Design (BDD) with response surface methodology was applied to observe interactions of three independent variables (ethanol concentrations [%], microwave power [W], and extraction time [min]) on the dependent variables (total phenolic content [TPC] and antioxidant status via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] to establish optimal extraction conditions.

Nanolevel of detection of ascorbic acid using horse-radish peroxidase inhibition assay.

Ascorbic acid plays a significant role in regulation of various bodily functions with high concentrations in immune cells and being involved in connective tissue maintenance. Commonly it is detected through various colorimetric methods. In this study, we propose a one-step simple method based on the inhibitory activity of ascorbic acid on horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide.

Development of a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system to deliver delamanid via a pressurized metered dose inhaler for treatment of multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious health issue that contributes to millions of deaths throughout the world and increases the threat of serious pulmonary infections in patients with respiratory illness. Delamanid is a novel drug approved in 2014 to deal with multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB). Despite its high efficiency in TB treatment, delamanid poses delivery challenges due to poor water solubility leading to inadequate absorption upon oral administration.

PLGA-based microspheres loaded with metformin hydrochloride: Modified double emulsion method preparation, optimization, characterization, and in vitro evaluation.

The modified solvent removal method was used to encapsulate metformin hydrochloride (MH) within poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres. The study investigated the effect of varying polymer concentrations on the loading and release of the drug from the microspheres. The encapsulation process involved using a double emulsion method, resulting in microspheres with particle diameters ranging from approximately 4.

Advanced pulmonary drug delivery formulations for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis (CF), a fatal genetic condition, causes thick, sticky mucus. It also causes pancreatic dysfunction, bacterial infection, and increased salt loss. Currently available treatments can improve the patient's quality of life.

Interaction studies of cannabidiol with human serum albumin by surface plasmon resonance, spectroscopy, and molecular docking.

The binding interaction of cannabidiol (CBD) and human serum albumin (HSA) under physiological blood pH conditions (pH 7.4) was conducted by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-Visible spectrophotometry, and molecular docking. The responses from SPR measurement increased with the increase in CBD concentration until equilibrium was reached at the equilibrium dissociation constant (K) of 9.

Chitosan and chito-oligosaccharide: a versatile biopolymer with endless grafting possibilities for multifarious applications.

Chito-oligosaccharides (COS), derived from chitosan (CH), are attracting increasing attention as drug delivery carriers due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mucoadhesive properties. Grafting, the process of chemically modifying CH/COS by adding side chains, has been used to improve their drug delivery performance by enhancing their stability, targeted delivery, and controlled release. In this review, we aim to provide an in-depth study on the recent advances in the grafting of CH/COS for multifarious applications.

Novel Approaches in the Drug Development and Delivery Systems for Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

The number of patients with ocular disorders has increased due to contributing factors such as aging populations, environmental changes, smoking, genetic abnormalities, etc. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the common ocular disorders which may advance to loss of vision in severe cases. The advanced form of AMD is classified into two types, dry (non-exudative) and wet (exudative) AMD.

Using Multistate Reweighting to Rapidly and Efficiently Explore Molecular Simulation Parameters Space for Nonbonded Interactions.

Multistate reweighting methods such as the multistate Bennett acceptance ratio (MBAR) can predict free energies and expectation values of thermodynamic observables at poorly sampled or unsampled thermodynamic states using simulations performed at only a few sampled states combined with single point energy reevaluations of these samples at the unsampled states. In this study, we demonstrate the power of this general reweighting formalism by exploring the effect of simulation parameters controlling Coulomb and Lennard-Jones cutoffs on free energy calculations and other observables. Using multistate reweighting, we can quickly identify, with very high sensitivity, the computationally least expensive nonbonded parameters required to obtain a specified accuracy in observables compared to the answer obtained using an expensive "gold standard" set of parameters.

Multistate reweighting and configuration mapping together accelerate the efficiency of thermodynamic calculations as a function of molecular geometry by orders of magnitude.

We present an approach to calculate free energy and other thermodynamic property differences between molecules which have very little or no overlap in configuration space, but where a one-to-one mapping between the molecule geometries exists. The approach combines multistate reweighting with remapping of phase space between simulated states. We apply this method to calculate the free energy differences between non-overlapping, truncated harmonic oscillators, the free energy, enthalpy, and entropy differences between different parameterizations of rigid water, and differences in free energy of solvation between dipoles of different lengths.

A Benchmark Test Set for Alchemical Free Energy Transformations and Its Use to Quantify Error in Common Free Energy Methods.

There is a significant need for improved tools to validate thermophysical quantities computed via molecular simulation. In this paper we present the initial version of a benchmark set of testing methods for calculating free energies of molecular transformation in solution. This set is based on molecular changes common to many molecular design problems, such as insertion and deletion of atomic sites and changing atomic partial charges.