Validation of the Cognitive Assessment Instrument for Obsessions and Compulsions (CAIOC-13) in an Indian Sample.

Background: Brief self-report measures of cognition are advantageous for flagging significant cognitive dysfunction without extensive neuropsychological assessments. The Cognitive Assessment Instrument for Obsessions and Compulsions (CAIOC-13) is a recently developed self-report that assesses everyday cognitive dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), for example, difficulties with reading, slowness, and decision-making. This study was undertaken to validate the CAIOC-13 in an Indian sample of OCD.

Manipulating levels of uncertainty in a decision making task for obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Objective: The study aims to investigate whether manipulating levels of uncertainty would influence performance in a decision-making task in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Methods: This case-control study compares the performance in beads task (measuring reflection/decisional impulsivity) performance and trait impulsivity (Short Urgency-Premeditation-Perseverance-Sensation Seeking-Positive Urgency (UPPS-P)) in patients with OCD (n=65) and non-clinical controls (n=45). Mann Whitney U test was carried out to assess between-group differences.

Exploring the hidden mental health consequences of malaria beyond the fever.

Malaria morbidity has various presentations and the focus now shifts to uncommon signs and symptoms of malaria infection such as cognitive impairment to address the morbidity when the mortality declines. About 50% of children admitted to hospitals due to malaria experience neurological complications due to factors like low blood sugar, inflammation, elevated pressure, decreased oxygen levels, and excitotoxicity. Malaria during pregnancy negatively also impacts children's cognitive, behavioral, and executive function leading to neurodevelopmental delay due to increased susceptibility which can significantly affect maternal and child health, leading to higher rates of underestimated factors like anxiety, depression, and PTSD.

Cognitive Training in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Background: Cognitive training (CT) for illness-linked neuropsychological deficits has been attempted in psychiatric disorders and, more recently, in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, studies are few and far between, with a limited understanding of factors contributing to efficacy. This article aims to provide a comprehensive critical review of studies employing CT in OCD.

Role of Cognitive Control in Psychotherapy: An Integrated Review.

Background: Cognitive control (CC), including shifting, updating, and inhibiting functions, may play an integral role in various aspects of psychotherapy; however, research on this is limited. This review aims to link the disparate lines of evidence on CC as they relate to psychotherapy processes, techniques, and outcomes.

Methods: A systematic search of the literature on neuropsychological domains relating to psychotherapy in adults with anxiety/depression yielded 18 eligible studies.

Neurocognition and Metacognition in Anxiety Disorders.

Background: Neurocognitive deficits are noted in anxiety disorders (ADs), albeit with several inconsistencies. The relationship between neurocognition and metacognition may have potential implications for understanding cognitive dysfunction but is poorly understood in ADs. This study aimed to examine the relationship between neurocognition and metacognition in ADs, with a cross-sectional design.

Fixating on the future: An overview of increased astrology use.

Background: Interest in astrology has surged recently, possibly due to the uncertain conditions in the world due to the Covid-19 pandemic. While belief in astrology is common and socially legitimized in many cultures, a few instances of excessive engagement with astrological services or "fortune-telling addiction" are indicating a risk of adverse mental health consequences.

Aim: To understand the existing research base on correlates of belief in astrology and fortune-telling.

Neuropsychological Research in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Current Status and Future Directions.

Neuropsychological functions in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have been extensively investigated. Despite some common findings across studies indicating deficient test performance across cognitive domains with small to medium effect sizes, results remain inconsistent and heterogeneous. However, multiple past attempts to identify moderators that may account for such variability have been unrewarding.

Identification of biomarkers that predict response to subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: protocol for an open-label follow-up study.

Introduction: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of bilateral anteromedial subthalamic nucleus (amSTN) has been found to be helpful in a subset of patients with severe, chronic and treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Biomarkers may aid in patient selection and optimisation of this invasive treatment. In this trial, we intend to evaluate neurocognitive function related to STN and related biosignatures as potential biomarkers for STN DBS in OCD.

Multifaceted impulsivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder with hoarding symptoms.

Objective: Hoarding is common in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and OCD with hoarding may have poorer prognostic features than OCD without hoarding. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between multifaceted impulsivity and hoarding symptoms in individuals with OCD. This relationship is important to be able to understand the psychopathological mechanisms of hoarding symptoms in OCD patients.

Denial of Pregnancy: Psychopathology and Clinical Management.

Denial of pregnancy (DOP) is a challenging condition with poorly understood psychopathology. DOP is reported to be associated with problems such as severe psychological conflicts, obstetric complications, risks to the newborn, and difficulties in bonding with the infant. In this paper, we present and discuss the clinical manifestations of a severe form of DOP that lasted until the time of delivery with resultant multifaceted complications.

Metacognitive Beliefs and Their Relation with Symptoms in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Introduction: Metacognitive constructs have shown promise in explaining the symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Few studies have examined the role of metacognitions in symptom dimensions of OCD, despite mounting clinical, neuropsychological and imaging evidence for the distinctiveness of these dimensions.

Methods: Metacognitions were assessed using the Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30) in 51 participants with DSM IV OCD and 46 healthy controls.

Relationships between neuropsychological variables and factor-analysed symptom dimensions in obsessive compulsive disorder.

Despite mounting evidence for the distinctiveness of symptom dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder, neuropsychological studies have been few, focused on small samples, and relying on classification of participants based on mutually exclusive symptom categories, resulting in lack of concordance across neuropsychological and imaging studies. Neuropsychological assessment was undertaken with 150 individuals with DSM IV OCD, and neuropsychological variables were analysed in relation to symptom dimension scores derived from factor analysis. Five dimensions were derived from principal components analysis with varimax rotation - contamination/washing, doubts/checking, symmetry/ordering, forbidden thoughts, and hoarding.

Neuropsychological functioning in obsessive-compulsive disorder: are executive functions the key deficit?

Objective: Although several studies have examined neuropsychological functions in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), findings are not conclusive, predominantly due to small samples and assessment of limited domains. We aim to map the neuropsychological profile of OCD in a large sample with a comprehensive battery of tests.

Method: Neuropsychological functions were tested in 150 subjects with DSM-IV OCD and 205 healthy control subjects.

'Impulsive compulsivity' in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a phenotypic marker of patients with poor clinical outcome.

Although traditionally obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and impulse control disorders (ICD) have represented opposing ends of a continuum, recent research has demonstrated a frequent co-occurrence of impulsive and compulsive behaviours, which may contribute to a worse clinical picture of some psychiatric disorders. We hypothesize that individuals with 'impulsive' OCD as characterized by poor insight, low resistance, and reduced control towards their compulsions will have a deteriorative course, greater severity of hoarding and/or symmetry/ordering symptoms, and comorbid ICD and/or substance use disorders (SUD). The sample consisted of 869 individuals with a minimum score of 16 on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS).