Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Heart Failure: Review of Prevalence, Treatment with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, and Prognosis.

Obstructive sleep apnea is a sleep-related breathing disorder that has a major impact on cardiovascular function. It has been associated with hypertension, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, and heart failure. This review focuses on the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and heart failure with either reduced or preserved ejection fraction.

Recurrent life-threatening hyperkalemia without typical electrocardiographic changes.

Hyperkalemia is generally associated with electrocardiographic (ECG) changes and these changes have been used to follow the effects of high serum potassium (K+) levels on the heart. It is known that chronic renal impairment may diminish the toxic effects of hyperkalemia on ECG abnormality formation. (1-3) Here, we report a case of recurrent severe hyperkalemia without any significant ECG changes in a patient with normal baseline renal function.