Evaluating explainability for graph neural networks.

As explanations are increasingly used to understand the behavior of graph neural networks (GNNs), evaluating the quality and reliability of GNN explanations is crucial. However, assessing the quality of GNN explanations is challenging as existing graph datasets have no or unreliable ground-truth explanations. Here, we introduce a synthetic graph data generator, SHAPEGGEN, which can generate a variety of benchmark datasets (e.

The Selective Labels Problem: Evaluating Algorithmic Predictions in the Presence of Unobservables.

Evaluating whether machines improve on human performance is one of the central questions of machine learning. However, there are many domains where the data is in the sense that the observed outcomes are themselves a consequence of the existing choices of the human decision-makers. For instance, in the context of judicial bail decisions, we observe the outcome of whether a defendant fails to return for their court appearance only if the human judge decides to release the defendant on bail.

HUMAN DECISIONS AND MACHINE PREDICTIONS.

Can machine learning improve human decision making? Bail decisions provide a good test case. Millions of times each year, judges make jail-or-release decisions that hinge on a prediction of what a defendant would do if released. The concreteness of the prediction task combined with the volume of data available makes this a promising machine-learning application.

Mining big data to extract patterns and predict real-life outcomes.

This article aims to introduce the reader to essential tools that can be used to obtain insights and build predictive models using large data sets. Recent user proliferation in the digital environment has led to the emergence of large samples containing a wealth of traces of human behaviors, communication, and social interactions. Such samples offer the opportunity to greatly improve our understanding of individuals, groups, and societies, but their analysis presents unique methodological challenges.

Interpretable Decision Sets: A Joint Framework for Description and Prediction.

One of the most important obstacles to deploying predictive models is the fact that humans do not understand and trust them. Knowing which variables are important in a model's prediction and how they are combined can be very powerful in helping people understand and trust automatic decision making systems. Here we propose interpretable decision sets, a framework for building predictive models that are highly accurate, yet also highly interpretable.