Duality Games and Operational Duality Relations.

We give operational meaning to wave-particle duality in terms of discrimination games. Duality arises as a constraint on the probability of winning these games. The games are played with the aid of an n-port interferometer, and involve 3 parties, Alice and Bob, who cooperate, and the House, who supervises the game.

Relations between Coherence and Path Information.

We find two relations between coherence and path information in a multipath interferometer. The first builds on earlier results for the two-path interferometer, which used minimum-error state discrimination between detector states to provide the path information. For visibility, which was used in the two-path case, we substitute a recently defined l_{1} measure of quantum coherence.

Cemented and uncemented total hip arthroplasty using the same femoral component.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the same femoral component after cemented and uncemented total hip arthroplasty. The results were compared in terms of hip scores, subsidence, and survivorship.

Methods: Between 1986 and 1996, 1017 primary THAs were implanted in 882 patients using the same porous-coated, titanium-alloy, femoral component.

Extracting information from a qubit by multiple observers: toward a theory of sequential state discrimination.

We discuss sequential unambiguous state-discrimination measurements performed on the same qubit. Alice prepares a qubit in one of two possible states. The qubit is first sent to Bob, who measures it, and then on to Charlie, who also measures it.

Finding structural anomalies in star graphs using quantum walks.

We develop a general theory for a quantum-walk search on a star graph. A star graph has N edges each of which is attached to a central vertex. A graph G is attached to one of these edges, and we would like to find out to which edge it is attached.

Integrating tuberculosis and HIV services for people living with HIV: costs of the Zambian ProTEST Initiative.

Background: In the face of the dual TB/HIV epidemic, the ProTEST Initiative was one of the first to demonstrate the feasibility of providing collaborative TB/HIV care for people living with HIV (PLWH) in poor settings. The ProTEST Initiative facilitated collaboration between service providers. Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) acted as the entry point for services including TB screening and preventive therapy, clinical treatment for HIV-related disease, and home-based care (HBC), and a hospice.

Entanglement conditions for two-mode states.

We provide a class of inequalities whose violation shows the presence of entanglement in two-mode systems. We initially consider observables that are quadratic in the mode creation and annihilation operators and find conditions under which a two-mode state is entangled. Further examination allows us to formulate additional conditions for detecting entanglement.

Universal programmable quantum state discriminator that is optimal for unambiguously distinguishing between unknown states.

We construct a device that can unambiguously discriminate between two unknown quantum states. The unknown states are provided as inputs, or programs, for the program registers, and a third system, which is guaranteed to be prepared in one of the states stored in the program registers, is fed into the data register of the device. The device will then, with some probability of success, tell us whether the unknown state in the data register matches the state stored in the first or the second program register.

Quantum filtering and discrimination between sets of Boolean functions.

In quantum state filtering one wants to determine whether an unknown quantum state, which is chosen from a known set of states, [|psi(1)>, em leader,|psi(N)>], is either a specific state, say |psi(1)>, or one of the remaining states, [|psi(2)>, em leader,|psi(N)>]. We present the optimal solution to this problem, in terms of generalized measurements, for the case that the filtering is required to be unambiguous. As an application, we propose an efficient, probabilistic quantum algorithm for distinguishing between sets of Boolean functions, which is a generalization of the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm.

The design and testing of a composite lower limb prosthesis.

In unilateral lower limb prosthetic gait, the intact limb, together with the hip on the affected side, strive to compensate for the loss of the missing below-knee musculature. The resultant abnormal gait patterns can eventually lead to pathologies of the spine and other joints. The aim of this research was to design a trans-tibial dynamic elastic response (DER) prosthesis which could simulate the power generation and absorption properties of an intact foot and shank segments.

Forces generated in guide-wires when drilling human bone.

In orthopaedic surgery guide-wires are extensively used for the drilling of pilot holes in human bones to allow further drilling, reaming and screw-tapping to take place in the repair and reconstruction of fractures. The guide-wires are generally 1.5 to 2.

Acyclovir ointment plus topical betamethasone or placebo in first episode disciform keratitis.

Thirty patients with first episode disciform keratitis and with no previous steroid exposure were randomly assigned to double blind treatment with 3% acyclovir ointment and 0.1% betamethasone (Betnesol) drops or acyclovir ointment and matching placebo. In the steroid group 14 of the 15 patients healed in a mean time of 21.

Randomised double-masked trial of lodoxamide and sodium cromoglycate in allergic eye disease. A multicentre study.

135 patients were entered into a 28-day randomized double-masked multicentre study comparing the efficacy and short-term safety of lodoxamide 0.1% ophthalmic solution (Alomide--Alcon Laboratories), a mast cell stabilizer, with sodium cromoglycate 2% ophthalmic solution (Opticrom--Fisons Pharmaceuticals) in the treatment of allergic eye disease. Patients given lodoxamide 0.