[Barriers for including sufficient participants in multi-center drug research].

Background: The SPACe 2: STAR trial is a multicenter trial in children with an autism spectrum disorder, divided over nine centers in the Netherlands. However, it is challenging to include enough participants due to various factors, including the varying status of the disorder and willingness of parents and children.

Aim: To identify and overcome the bottlenecks for practitioners during the trial to prevent major delays.

Effective elements of eHealth interventions for mental health and well-being in children and adolescents: A systematic review.

Background: Mental health problems among children and adolescents increased in recent years, while mental health services are overburdened with long waiting lists. eHealth interventions, that is, interventions delivered digitally via apps or websites, offer a promising approach to prevent and efficiently treat emerging mental health problems in youth. Over the past years, rapid technological progress has led to diverse eHealth interventions for youth mental health.

Long-term hair cortisone and perceived stress are associated with long-term hedonic eating tendencies in patients with obesity.

Introduction: Long-term biological stress, reflected in hair cortisol and cortisone levels, predicts future weight gain and metabolic deterioration. This is likely at least partially mediated by glucocorticoid-induced increases in hedonic overeating. Yet, the relationship between long-term biological stress and long-term hedonic eating tendencies remains to be elucidated.

The Association of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure With Brain Development During the First 1000 Days of Life: A Systematic Review.

Prenatal exposure to alcohol (PAE) can impact short- and long-term offspring health. However, knowledge on PAE and brain development in early life is limited. This systematic review investigated associations between PAE and brain development during the first 1000 days of life, and was registered in PROSPERO at CRD42022355144.

Intergenerational transmission of psychopathology across three generations: the role of social support.

Psychopathology runs in families and affects functioning of individuals and their family members. This study assessed the intergenerational transmission of psychopathology risk across three generations, and the extent to which social support factors may protect against this transmission from parents to their offspring. This study was embedded in Generation R, a multi-ethnic population-based cohort from fetal life onwards.

Non-linear development of brain morphometry in child and adolescent offspring of individuals with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.

Offspring of parents with severe mental illness (e.g., bipolar disorder or schizophrenia) are at increased risk of developing psychopathology.

Age Trajectories of the Structural Connectome in Child and Adolescent Offspring of Individuals With Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia.

Background: Offspring of parents with severe mental illness (e.g., bipolar disorder or schizophrenia) are at elevated risk of developing psychiatric illness owing to both genetic predisposition and increased burden of environmental stress.

Inflammatory markers in pregnancy - surprisingly stable. Mapping trajectories and drivers in four large cohorts.

Adaptations of the immune system throughout gestation have been proposed as important mechanisms regulating successful pregnancy. Dysregulation of the maternal immune system has been associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. To translate findings from mechanistic preclinical studies to human pregnancies, studies of serum immune markers are the mainstay.

Beyond the Window of Risk? The Dutch Bipolar Offspring Study: 22-Year Follow-up.

Objective: Adolescent offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (BD) are at high risk to develop BD and other psychopathology, yet how this risk continues into middle adulthood remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the window of risk for BD and other psychopathology in offspring of parents with BD followed from adolescence into adulthood.

Method: This study reported on the 22-year follow-up assessment of the Dutch Bipolar Offspring Study, a fixed cohort study of 140 participants established in 1997.

Reducing behavior problems in children born after an unintended pregnancy: the generation R study.

Objectives: To examine differences in behavior problems between children from intended versus unintended pregnancies, and to estimate how much the difference in problem behavior would be reduced if postnatal depression was eliminated and social support was increased within 6 months after birth.

Methods: Data from the Generation R Study were used, a population-based birth cohort in Rotterdam, the Netherlands (N = 9621). Differences in child internalizing and externalizing behavior at ages 1.

Real-time personalized feedback in mHealth for adolescents.

Mobile Health (mHealth) interventions have the potential to improve early identification, prevention, and treatment of mental health problems. Grow It! is a multiplayer smartphone app designed for youth aged 12-25, allowing them to monitor their emotions and engage in daily challenges based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) principles. Recently, a personalized mood profile was added to improve the app.

Running in the FAMILY: understanding and predicting the intergenerational transmission of mental illness.

Over 50% of children with a parent with severe mental illness will develop mental illness by early adulthood. However, intergenerational transmission of risk for mental illness in one's children is insufficiently considered in clinical practice, nor is it sufficiently utilised into diagnostics and care for children of ill parents. This leads to delays in diagnosing young offspring and missed opportunities for protective actions and resilience strengthening.

The Mood and Resilience in Offspring (MARIO) project: a longitudinal cohort study among offspring of parents with and without a mood disorder.

Background: One of the most robust risk factors for developing a mood disorder is having a parent with a mood disorder. Unfortunately, mechanisms explaining the transmission of mood disorders from one generation to the next remain largely elusive. Since timely intervention is associated with a better outcome and prognosis, early detection of intergenerational transmission of mood disorders is of paramount importance.

Outcome measures in Angelman syndrome.

Background: Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe intellectual disability, little to no expressive speech, visual and motor problems, emotional/behavioral challenges, and a tendency towards hyperphagia and weight gain. The characteristics of AS make it difficult to measure these children's functioning with standard clinical tests. Feasible outcome measures are needed to measure current functioning and change over time, in clinical practice and clinical trials.

Urban environment in pregnancy and postpartum depression: An individual participant data meta-analysis of 12 European birth cohorts.

Background: Urban environmental exposures associate with adult depression, but it is unclear whether they are associated to postpartum depression (PPD).

Objectives: We investigated associations between urban environment exposures during pregnancy and PPD.

Methods: We included women with singleton deliveries to liveborn children from 12 European birth cohorts (N with minimum one exposure = 30,772, analysis N range 17,686-30,716 depending on exposure; representing 26-46 % of the 66,825 eligible women).

The implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating disorder features and comorbid psychopathology among adolescents with anorexia nervosa and matched controls: a comparative cohort design study.

Purpose: To examine implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating disorder (ED) features and psychopathology in female adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN).

Method: In total 79 females with first-onset AN (aged 12-22 years) were included and were followed up across a period of 1 year. We assessed AN participants recruited pre-pandemic (n = 49) to those recruited peri-pandemic (n = 30).

Exposure to prenatal infection and the development of internalizing and externalizing problems in children: a longitudinal population-based study.

Background: A large body of work has reported a link between prenatal exposure to infection and increased psychiatric risk in offspring. However, studies to date have focused primarily on exposure to severe prenatal infections and/or individual psychiatric diagnoses in clinical samples, typically measured at single time points, and without accounting for important genetic and environmental confounders. In this study, we investigated whether exposure to common infections during pregnancy is prospectively associated with repeatedly assessed child psychiatric symptoms in a large population-based study.

Applications of the experience sampling method (ESM) in paediatric healthcare: a systematic review.

Background: With the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) participants are asked to provide self-reports of their symptoms, feelings, thoughts and behaviours in daily life. This preregistered systematic review assessed how ESM is being used to monitor emotional well-being, somatic health, fatigue and pain in children and adolescents with a chronic somatic illness.

Methods: Databases were searched from inception.

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring to Optimize Risperidone Treatment in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Background: Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic drug used to treat irritability and aggression in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. In an earlier study, the sum trough concentration of risperidone and its metabolite (9-hydroxyrisperidone) was positively correlated with weight gain and effectiveness. The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic window for risperidone sum trough concentrations that balances weight gain with treatment effectiveness in this population.

Child characteristics associated with child quality of life and parenting stress in Angelman syndrome.

Background: Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by severe intellectual disability, movement disorder, epilepsy, sleeping problems, and behavioural issues. Little is known on child health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in AS. AS family studies have reported elevated parenting stress and a high impact of the child's syndrome on the parent.