Appetite Stimulants for Treatment of Protein Energy Wasting of Chronic Kidney Disease.

Nutritional and metabolic abnormalities, or protein energy wasting, is a common complication of chronic kidney disease, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The cause of these abnormalities is multifactorial, and therefore, difficult to treat. The International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism suggests appetite stimulants, including megestrol, dronabinol, mirtazapine, and cyproheptadine, as adjunctive treatment options in addition to parenteral or oral nutritional supplementation.

The curious incident of the dog in the nighttime: The effects of pet-human co-sleeping and bedsharing on sleep dimensions of children and adolescents.

Background: Pets are often thought to be detrimental to sleep. Up to 75% of households with children have a pet, and 30-50% of adults and children regularly share their bed with their pets. Despite these high rates, few studies have examined the effect of pet-human co-sleeping on pediatric sleep.

Parental Expectations Are Associated with Children's Sleep Duration and Sleep Hygiene Habits.

Objective: Although parents recognize the importance of sleep, most have a limited understanding of children's sleep needs. This study examined whether parental expectations about sleep were linked to children and adolescent's sleep duration and sleep hygiene.

Method: Participants included 376 unique parent-child dyads.

A decade's difference: 10-year change in insomnia symptom prevalence in Canada depends on sociodemographics and health status.

Introduction: Insomnia is recognized as a public health issue. The objectives of this study were to characterize and compare the prevalence of insomnia symptoms in the Canadian population in 2002 and 2012, and to identify sociodemographic and psychosocial predictors of trouble sleeping.

Methods: Data from adult participants in the Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health cycles 2000-2002 (n = 34,118) and 2011-2012 (n = 23,089) were used.

Qualitative Analysis of Infant Safe Sleep Public Campaign Messaging.

The 1994 Back to Sleep public education campaign resulted in dramatic reductions in sleep-related infant deaths, but comparable progress in recent years has been elusive. We conducted qualitative analyses of recent safe sleep campaigns from 13 U.S.

Infant, Control Thyself: Infants' Integration of Multiple Social Cues to Regulate Their Imitative Behavior.

This study investigated 15-month-old infants' ( = 150) ability to self-regulate based on observing a social interaction between two adults. Infants were bystanders to a social exchange in which an Experimenter performed actions on objects and an Emoter expressed anger, as if they were forbidden acts. Next, the Emoter became neutral and her visual access to the infant was experimentally manipulated.

Serious Delinquency and Gang Participation: Combining and Specializing in Drug Selling, Theft and Violence.

Using Pittsburgh Youth Study data, we examined the extent to which over 600 gang members and non-gang involved young men specialized in drug selling, serious theft, or serious violence or engaged simultaneously in these serious delinquent behaviors, throughout the 1990s. We found that the increase in delinquency associated with gang membership was concentrated in two combinations: serious violence and drug selling; serious violence, drug selling, and serious theft. Several covariates were similarly associated with multi-type serious delinquency and gang membership (age, historical time, Black race, and residential mobility), suggesting that these behaviors may share common developmental, familial, and contextual risks.