A healthful plant-based diet is associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk via improved metabolic state and organ function: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Plant-based diets are becoming increasingly popular due to favourable environmental footprints and have been associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, we investigated the potential mechanisms to explain the lower T2DM risk observed among individuals following plant-based diets.

Methods: Prospective data from the UK Biobank, a cohort study of participants aged 40 to 69 years at baseline, was evaluated.

Placebo effects in mental health disorders: protocol for an umbrella review.

Introduction: Given the high prevalence of mental health disorders and their significant socioeconomic burden, there is a need to develop improved treatments, and to evaluate them through placebo-controlled trials. However, the magnitude of the placebo response in randomised controlled trials to test medications may be substantial, affecting their interpretation. Therefore, improved understanding of the patient, trial and mental disorder factors that influence placebo responses would inform clinical trial design to better detect active treatment effects.

Lactate: an alternative pathway for the immunosuppressive properties of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells.

Background: The metabolic reprogramming of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) favoring glycolysis has recently emerged as a new approach to improve their immunotherapeutic abilities. This strategy is associated with greater lactate release, and interestingly, recent studies have proposed lactate as a functional suppressive molecule, changing the old paradigm of lactate as a waste product. Therefore, we evaluated the role of lactate as an alternative mediator of MSC immunosuppressive properties and its contribution to the enhanced immunoregulatory activity of glycolytic MSCs.

Emergency Department point-of-care antiviral host response testing is accurate during periods of multiple respiratory virus co-circulation.

Objectives: FebriDx is a CE-marked, FDA-approved point-of-care test that detects the antiviral host response protein Myxovirus Resistance Protein A (MxA), in addition to C-reactive protein, using finger-prick blood. FebriDx MxA detection had a high negative predictive value for COVID-19 in symptomatic adults presenting to hospital in the first waves of the pandemic and was used subsequently as a 'rule out' triage tool in Emergency departments. The diagnostic accuracy of FebriDx MxA in the current context of co-circulation of influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), and in the era of COVID-19 vaccination, is unknown.

Short-term ocean acidification decreases pulsation and growth of the widespread soft coral Xenia umbellata.

Coral reefs may experience lower pH values as a result of ocean acidification (OA), which has negative consequences, particularly for calcifying organisms. Thus far, the effects of this global factor have been mainly investigated on hard corals, while the effects on soft corals remain relatively understudied. We therefore carried out a manipulative aquarium experiment for 21 days to study the response of the widespread pulsating soft coral Xenia umbellata to simulated OA conditions.

A Mixed-Methods Study on Topical Fluoride Beliefs and Refusal Behaviors for Caregivers of Children with Special Health Care Needs.

Objective: To understand topical fluoride-related beliefs and refusal behaviors for caregivers of children with special health care needs (CSHCN).

Methods: This was an explanatory sequential mixed methods study. For the quantitative analyses, we surveyed 520 caregivers to (a) compare fluoride-related beliefs between caregivers of CSHCN and caregivers of healthy children and (b) evaluate the association between special health care need (SHCN) status and topical fluoride refusal.

Therapist and client perceptions of the working alliance: Codevelopment, linear growth, variability, and client functioning.

Using longitudinal client and therapist working alliance ratings, previous research examined how alliance: average value, linear growth, variability, stability (autocorrelation), and partner responsiveness were associated with client outcome. However, no research simultaneously examined all of these dimensions. Omitting important variables in analyses could lead to overestimation of related effects.

Distinct disease mutations in DNMT3A result in a spectrum of behavioral, epigenetic, and transcriptional deficits.

Phenotypic heterogeneity in monogenic neurodevelopmental disorders can arise from differential severity of variants underlying disease, but how distinct alleles drive variable disease presentation is not well understood. Here, we investigate missense mutations in DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A), a DNA methyltransferase associated with overgrowth, intellectual disability, and autism, to uncover molecular correlates of phenotypic heterogeneity. We generate a Dnmt3a mouse mimicking a mutation with mild to moderate severity and compare phenotypic and epigenomic effects with a severe R878H mutation.

Validation of a new glucocorticoid-specific Patient-Reported Outcome Questionnaire (the Steroid PRO).

Objectives: Glucocorticoids used in the treatment of inflammatory rheumatic conditions can impact on health-related quality of life. An underpinning qualitative study developed a long-list of candidate items for a treatment-specific patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure. The objective of this paper is to determine scale structure and psychometric properties of the Steroid PRO.

Impact of Test Instructions on 6-min Walk Distance in Adults With Chronic Respiratory Disease: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL.

Purpose: The 6-min walk test (6MWT) is commonly used to assess functional exercise capacity in people with chronic respiratory disease in both clinical and research settings. However, two tests are required to achieve accurate results, due to a well-documented learning effect for the 6-min walk distance (6MWD). Whether it is possible to reduce or eliminate the learning effect by optimizing 6MWT instructions is not known.

Small signal modulation of photonic crystal surface emitting lasers.

We report the small-signal characterization of a PCSEL device, extracting damping factors and modulation efficiencies, and demonstrating -3 dB modulation bandwidths of up to 4.26 GHz. Based on modelling we show that, by reducing the device width and improving the active region design for high-speed modulation, direct modulation frequencies in excess of 50 GHz are achievable.

Measurement of the top quark mass using a profile likelihood approach with the lepton + jets final states in proton-proton collisions at .

The mass of the top quark is measured in 36.3 of LHC proton-proton collision data collected with the CMS detector at . The measurement uses a sample of top quark pair candidate events containing one isolated electron or muon and at least four jets in the final state.

Observation of τ Lepton Pair Production in Ultraperipheral Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV.

We present an observation of photon-photon production of τ lepton pairs in ultraperipheral lead-lead collisions. The measurement is based on a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 404  μb^{-1} collected by the CMS experiment at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV.

sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of the deep-sea loosejaw dragonfish, .

A novel bacterial strain, APC 3343, was isolated from the intestine of a deep-sea loosejaw dragon fish, , caught at a depth of 1000 m in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. Cells were aerobic, rod-shaped, yellow/orange-pigmented, non-motile and Gram-negative. Growth of strain APC 3343 was observed at 4-30 °C (optimum, 21-25 °C), pH 5.

The Community Engaged Digital Alzheimer's Research (CEDAR) Study: A Digital Intervention to Increase Research Participation of Black American Participants in the Brain Health Registry.

Background: Although Black/African American older adults bear significant inequities in prevalence, incidence, and outcomes of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, they are profoundly under-included in Alzheimer's Disease research. Community-Engaged Research (e.g.

Applicability of UV-Curable Binders in High Solid Suspensions for Direct-Ink-Write 3D Printing in Extremely Cold Temperatures.

Leveraging material extrusion 3D printing of high solid suspensions for rapid manufacturing in future space missions requires materials compatible with the unique environments found on the Lunar surface. However, there is currently a lack of selection criteria for materials processable in the harsh environmental conditions on the Moon without significantly altering the 3D printers. Here, we provide valuable insights into the behavior of high solid suspensions at low temperatures to guide informed decision-making for manufacturing in subzero environments.

A Comparative Study of Hemorrhagic Conversion Patterns After Stroke Thrombolysis With Alteplase Versus Tenecteplase.

Background And Purpose: Tenecteplase is the thrombolytic drug of choice for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) as it has unique pharmacologic properties, along with results demonstrating its non-inferiority compared to alteplase. However, there are contradictory data concerning the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. The purpose of the study was to report the rate and patterns of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) in AIS patients after thrombolysis with tenecteplase compared to alteplase.

[Trends in the frequency of cancer in France].

We present and discuss recent data on the frequency of cancer in France. In the male population, the incidence of cancer has been stable since 2010 and mortality is decreasing; changes in the incidence of all cancers are dominated by changes in the incidence of prostate cancer, which is highly dependent on the extent of screening. In the female population, cancer incidence is rising and mortality is falling; the increase in the incidence of all cancers is partly due to the rise in the incidence of lung cancer, a consequence of women taking up smoking in the early 1970s.

A search for decays of the Higgs boson to invisible particles in events with a top-antitop quark pair or a vector boson in proton-proton collisions at .

A search for decays to invisible particles of Higgs bosons produced in association with a top-antitop quark pair or a vector boson, which both decay to a fully hadronic final state, has been performed using proton-proton collision data collected at by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138. The 95% confidence level upper limit set on the branching fraction of the 125 Higgs boson to invisible particles, , is 0.54 (0.

Interplay between inflammatory bowel disease therapeutics and the gut microbiome reveals opportunities for novel treatment approaches.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex heterogeneous disorder defined by recurring chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, attributed to a combination of factors including genetic susceptibility, altered immune response, a shift in microbial composition/microbial insults (infection/exposure), and environmental influences. Therapeutics generally used to treat IBD mainly focus on the immune response and include non-specific anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapeutics and targeted therapeutics aimed at specific components of the immune system. Other therapies include exclusive enteral nutrition and emerging stem cell therapies.

Methotrexate to treat hand osteoarthritis with synovitis (METHODS): an Australian, multisite, parallel-group, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Hand osteoarthritis is a disabling condition with few effective therapies. Hand osteoarthritis with synovitis is a common inflammatory phenotype associated with pain. We aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of methotrexate at 6 months in participants with hand osteoarthritis and synovitis.

S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide and its potential role in human health: a scoping review.

Higher intakes of cruciferous and allium vegetables are associated with a lower risk of cardiometabolic-related outcomes in observational studies. Whilst acknowledging the many healthy compounds within these vegetables, animal studies indicate that some of these beneficial effects may be partially mediated by S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO), a sulfur-rich, non-protein, amino acid found almost exclusively within cruciferous and alliums. This scoping review explores evidence for SMCSO, its potential roles in human health and possible mechanistic action.

Diagnostic clinical prediction rules for categorising low back pain: A systematic review.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a common complex condition, where specific diagnoses are hard to identify. Diagnostic clinical prediction rules (CPRs) are known to improve clinical decision-making. A review of LBP diagnostic-CPRs by Haskins et al.

Sleep related rhythmic movement disorder: phenotypic characteristics and treatment response in a paediatric cohort.

Objective: To describe phenotypic, polysomnographic characteristics, impact, and treatment response in children with sleep related rhythmic movement disorder (SR-RMD).

Background: There is limited research on SR-RMD. We have developed a systematic clinical evaluation of children with SR-RMD to improve understanding and treatment.