Mode of treatments and achievement of treatment targets among type 2 diabetes patients with different comorbidities - a register-based retrospective cohort study in Finland.

Aims: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a progressive disease often associated with comorbidities that complicate the management of T2D and affect the achievement of treatment targets. However, adherence to guidelines and individualized treatments can potentially improve treatment outcomes. This study assessed the association between different glucose lowering and lipid lowering medication lines and the achievement of treatment targets with different comorbidities among a T2D cohort in North Karelia, Finland (2011-12 to 2015-16).

Data-driven long-term glycaemic control trajectories and their associated health and economic outcomes in Finnish patients with incident type 2 diabetes.

Background: Treatments should be customized to patients to improve patients' health outcomes and maximize the treatment benefits. We aimed to identify meaningful data-driven trajectories of incident type 2 diabetes patients with similarities in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) patterns since diagnosis and to examine their clinical and economic relevance.

Materials And Methods: A cohort of 1540 patients diagnosed in 2011-2012 was retrieved from electronic health records covering primary and specialized healthcare in the North Karelia region, Finland.

Type 2 diabetes medication and HbA1c levels in North Karelia Finland, 2013-2019.

Aims: To analyse the prevalence of prescribed medications among people with type 2 diabetes, their relationship to HbA1c levels and transitions between medications.

Methods: The data included all 18- to 85-year-old adults with type 2 diabetes (identified from the electronic health records), who lived in North Karelia, Finland, between 2013 and 2019. Type 2 diabetes medication was defined based on prescriptions.

The effect of the integration of health services on health care usage among patients with type 2 diabetes in North Karelia, Finland.

Background: The need to improve the care of people with complex care requirements has been driving the reforms integrating care processes. This study examines the effect of the integration of health services on health care usage and the processes and outcomes of care among type 2 diabetes patients.

Methods: Data include all type 2 diabetes patients who lived in North Karelia, Finland, between 2014 and 2018.

Trends in the process and outcome indicators of type 2 diabetes care: a cohort study from Eastern Finland, 2012-2017.

Background: Evidence-based guidelines include concrete treatment targets that can be used as process and outcome indicators in the evaluation of the quality of healthcare services and diabetes care. Quality improvement can be evaluated by monitoring longitudinal trends in the care indicators on the system level. The aim of this study is to describe trends in the processes and outcomes of care among people with type 2 diabetes in North Karelia, Finland.

Impact of co-payment level increase of antidiabetic medications on glycaemic control: an interrupted time-series study among Finnish patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: A new special reimbursement scheme (SRS) for non-insulin medications used for treatment of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D) was implemented in Finland on January 1, 2017. The new SRS affected all community-dwelling Finnish T2D patients as all community-dwelling residents are eligible for reimbursement for prescription medications. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of this co-payment increase on glycaemic control among Finnish T2D patients.

Association of mental disorders and quality of diabetes care - A six-year follow-up study of type 2 diabetes patients in North Karelia, Finland.

Aims: To compare the quality of diabetes care among type 2 diabetes patients with and without mental disorders during six-year follow-up in North Karelia, Finland.

Methods: All type 2 diabetes patients (n = 10190) were analysed using the electronic health records data from 2011-12 to 2015-16. The diabetes care was evaluated using the measurement activity and the achievement of the treatment targets for HbA1c and LDL.

Electronic Health Records as Valuable Data Sources in the Health Care Quality Improvement Process.

Background: In North Karelia, Finland, the regional electronic health records (EHRs) enable flexible data retrieval and area-level analyses. The aim of this study was to assess the early detection of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the region and to evaluate the performed activities in order to improve the processes between the years 2012 and 2017.

Methods: Patients with T2D were identified from the EHRs using the codes registered during any visit to either primary or specialized care.

Maintenance of good glycaemic control is challenging - A cohort study of type 2 diabetes patient in North Karelia, Finland.

Aims: This study assessed type 2 diabetes treatment outcomes and process indicators using a comprehensive type 2 diabetes patient cohort in North Karelia, Finland, from 2011 to 2016.

Methods: Data from all diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients (n = 8429) living in North Karelia were collated retrospectively from regional electronic patient records. We assessed whether HbA1c and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were measured and managed as recommended.

Glycemic Control in Adult Type 1 Diabetes Patients with Insulin Glargine, Insulin Detemir, or Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion in Daily Practice.

Backgrounds: This study aims to compare glycemic control of persons with type 1 diabetes using multiple daily injections (MDI) with insulin glargine versus insulin detemir or with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in daily practice.

Subjects And Methods: All adult individuals with type 1 diabetes (n = 1053) were identified from the electronic patient database in North Karelia, Finland. The persons' individual data for insulin treatment, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and hemoglobin A (HbA1c) measurements during the year 2014 were obtained from medical records.

How are metabolic control targets of patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus achieved in daily practice in the area with high diabetes prevalence?

Aims: We assessed the prevalence of Type 1 diabetes mellitus and determined how the targets established in the guidelines for patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus were achieved in clinical practice in North Karelia, Finland.

Methods: All adult Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients (n=1075) were identified from the regional electronic patient database. The data for HbA1c and LDL cholesterol measurements during the years 2013 and 2014 were obtained from medical records.

Type 2 diabetes care in North Karelia Finland: do area-level socio-economic factors affect processes and outcomes?

Aims: This research assessed the impact of area-level socio-economic factors on the prevalence and outcomes of type 2 diabetes in North Karelia, Finland.

Methods: All type 2 diabetes patients (n=10,204) were analyzed from the regional electronic patient database during the years 2011 and 2012. The patient's individual laboratory data was used to assess whether hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was measured and whether the recommended level of HbA1c <7% (<53 mmol/l) was achieved.