Awareness of European practitioners toward uncommon tropical diseases: are we prepared to deal with mass migration? Results of an international survey.

Purpose: The recent rise in migration from Africa through the Mediterranean basin into Europe has resulted in an increased incidence of uncommon diseases such as schistosomiasis and genito-urinary tuberculosis, which were previously largely unknown in this region. This study aimed to evaluate the insight of European urologists into diagnosing and managing these disease conditions and to determine whether they were adequately prepared to deal with the changing disease spectrum in their countries.

Methods: A survey including specific questions about the diagnosis and management of 'tropical' urological diseases was distributed among urologists working in Europe and Africa.

Surgical Training in South Africa: An Overview and Attempt to Assess the Training System from the Perspective of Foreign Trainees.

Background: Currently, there are no objective reports evaluating the quality of the South African surgical training. The aim of this study is to evaluate the current state of surgical training in South Africa from an external impartial point of view and to rate the experience of short-term supernumerary registrars and fellows (STSRF) within the South African training system.

Methods: A 29-item survey was distributed via e-mail and social media to non-South African trainees who worked in South Africa as STSRF for a period of at least 1 month during the past 5 years.

Clinical and histopathological features of carcinosarcoma of the renal pelvis: a systematic review of a rare tumor.

Introduction: Carcinosarcoma of the kidney pelvis (CRP) is a rare but not exceptionally unique tumor in which in literature are reported almost only case studies and small series. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the disease, examining epidemiology, symptoms, pathological features, treatment and outcomes which are still missing, in order to offer a landmark paper to urologists which have to manage patients with this type of disease.

Evidence Acquisition: A review of the current literature was conducted through the NCBI PubMed database in June 2017 following the updated PRISMA guidelines.

Cycling Trauma as a Cause of Arterial Priapism in Children and Teenagers.

Bicycle riding has multiple beneficial cardiovascular effects; however, it is a well-documented source of significant urologic injuries. Priapism is a rare condition in children, and occurs primarily because of congenital hematologic diseases or adverse drug reactions. A pediatric clinical case and literature review of a high-flow priapism secondary to cycling trauma is described here to highlight their etiopathologic correlation.

Large bladder diverticula: a comparison between laparoscopic excision and endoscopic fulguration.

Objective: The treatment of bladder diverticula consists of diverticulectomy, mainly by a laparoscopic approach or transurethral resection of the diverticular neck and fulguration of the mucosa. The endoscopic approach is generally dedicated to small diverticula. The aim of this study was to compare laparoscopic diverticulectomy versus endoscopic fulguration for bladder diverticula larger than 4 cm.

Inter-rater reliability in the radiological classification of renal injuries.

Introduction: Although many radiologists invoke the surgical classification of renal injury proposed by the American Association for Surgery in Trauma (AAST), there has been only limited work on the role of the AAST system as an imaging stratification. The aim was to determine the inter-rater reliability (IRR) amongst radiologists and urologists using the AAST system.

Methods: A 1-year retrospective study of consecutive patients with computed tomography (CT) evidence of renal trauma managed at a Level 1 trauma center.

Retained Bullet in the Kidney: Imaging and Conservative Management.

Renal gunshot wounds resulting in a grade IV injury (AAST) should be explored only if they involve the hilum or if there are signs of suspected renal pelvis or ureteral laceration, active hemorrhage, peritonitis, or hemodynamically unstable patients (Kitrey et al, 2017). However, because of the paucity of cases reported in the literature, it is not clear what the best management of patients with a retained bullet is, which have been traditionally treated with surgical retrieval in other organs. We present the radiological findings and a clinical case summary of a patient with grade IV kidney injury and retained bullet managed conservatively.

Penile allotransplantation for penis amputation following ritual circumcision: a case report with 24 months of follow-up.

Introduction: Ritual circumcision complicated by gangrene is a leading cause of penile loss in young men in South Africa. This deeply rooted cultural tradition is unlikely to be abolished. Conventional reconstructive techniques using free vascularised tissue flaps with penile implants are undesirable in this often socioeconomically challenged group because donor site morbidity can hinder manual labour and vigorous sexual activity might lead to penile implant extrusion.