Publications by authors named "Hilary Long"
Background: Literature has suggested that ADHD may be associated with increased risk of obesity. If so, this would have important clinical implications.
Objective: To clarify the size of the association between ADHD and obesity and to evaluate key moderators of the association including medication, gender, age, and psychiatric comorbidity.
A series of beta-arabino glycosyl sulfones with varying alkyl chain lengths were synthesised in a stereoselective fashion as putative mimics of decaprenolphosphoarabinose (DPA), and as potential inhibitors of mycobacterial cell wall biosynthesis. Biological testing against Mycobacterium bovis BCG revealed low to moderate anti-mycobacterial activity with marked dependence on alkyl chain length, which was maximal for a C-12 chain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA series of arabino glycosyl triazoles with varying hydrophobic groups were synthesised as putative mimics of decaprenolphosphoarabinose (DPA) as potential inhibitors of mycobacterial cell wall biosynthesis. Biological testing against Mycobacterium bovis BCG revealed low to moderate anti-mycobacterial activity, with strong dependence on the identity of the hydrophobic side chain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) catalyse the N-acetylation of arylamines, arylhydroxylamines and arylhydrazines with the acetyl group being transferred from acetylCoenzyme A. As a result of many recent advances in NAT research there have been many recent reviews and the present paper gives a flavour of the excitement in the field. The NATs, which are cytosolic, were early examples of pharmacogenetic variation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Evidence suggests that human arylamine N-acetyltransferase type 1 (NAT1) may be linked to estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, and its mouse counterpart, Nat2, is important for breast cancer research.
- Researchers produced mouse Nat2 as a recombinant protein and examined its substrate specificity and responses to both endogenous and exogenous steroid inhibitors.
- Findings indicate that tamoxifen, genistein, and bisphenol A inhibit mouse Nat2 activity, and a model of mouse Nat2 was created based on a recently released 3D structure of human NAT1.
Article Synopsis
- The use of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) has significantly improved the outcome for patients with ER-positive breast cancer, but many tumors show resistance to these treatments.
- Research indicates a link between high levels of the enzyme NAT1 and ER-positive breast cancer, suggesting NAT1 may play a role in tumor progression.
- Investigations into various breast cancer cell lines showed varying NAT1 activity levels, with the highest being linked to unique promoter usage, laying the groundwork for further studies on NAT1 as a potential prognostic marker for ER-positive breast cancer.
Deletion of a xenobiotic metabolizing gene in mice affects folate metabolism.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
December 2007
The mouse arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (Nat2) and its homologue (NAT1) in humans are known to detoxify xenobiotic arylamines and are also thought to play a role in endogenous metabolism. Human NAT1 is highly over-expressed in estrogen receptor positive breast tumours and is implicated in susceptibility to neural tube defects. In vitro assays have suggested an endogenous role for human NAT1 in folate metabolism, but in vivo evidence to support this hypothesis has been lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) genes in humans and in rodents encode polymorphic drug metabolizing enzymes. Human NAT1 (and the murine equivalent mouse Nat2) is found early in embryonic development and is likely to have an endogenous role. We report the detailed expression of the murine gene (Nat2) and encoded protein in mouse embryos, using a transgenic mouse model bearing a lacZ transgene inserted into the coding region of mouse Nat2.
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- The mouse arylamine N-acetyltransferase type 2 (Nat2) is active during early development, particularly in the neural tube and eye, suggesting it has essential roles beyond drug metabolism.
- Polymorphisms in the human NAT gene are linked to increased risk for conditions like spina bifida and orofacial clefts.
- Research using Nat2 knockout mice revealed that certain ocular defects, including cataracts and microphthalmia, can occur when either parent carries the Nat2 null allele, indicating a role for Nat2 in eye development and possibly affecting similar conditions in humans.