A point-based cognitive impairment scoring system for Southeast Asian adults short title: Cognitive impairment scoring system.

Background: Cognitive impairment is a growing concern in Southeast Asian populations, where the burden of cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) is high. Currently, there is no point-based scoring system for identifying cognitive impairment in these populations.

Objective: To develop and validate a simple point-based Cognitive Impairment Scoring System (CISS) for identifying individuals with cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) and concomitant CeVD in Southeast Asian populations.

Cross-Sectional Association Between Left Ventricular Geometric Patterns, Cortical Cerebral Microinfarcts, and Cognition.

Background: Left ventricular (LV) geometric patterns are associated with cognitive impairment and cerebral small vessel disease. As a novel magnetic resonance imaging marker of cerebral small vessel disease and a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction, cortical cerebral microinfarcts (CMIs) have been associated with heart disease through mechanisms including cardioembolism and cerebral hypoperfusion. Further investigation is required to determine whether cortical CMIs could arise from hemodynamic changes related to LV geometry, thus elucidating the connection between LV geometry and cognitive function.

Low serum serotonin is associated with functional decline, mild behavioural impairment and brain atrophy in dementia-free subjects.

Brain serotonin dysregulation is associated with dementia and neuropsychiatric symptomology. However, the prognostic utility of circulating serotonin levels in detecting features of prodromal dementia including functional decline, cognitive impairment, mild behavioural impairment and brain atrophy remains unclear. In this prospective study of memory clinic subjects followed-up for ≤5 years, dementia-free subjects, classified as having no cognitive impairment or cognitive impairment, no dementia at baseline, underwent annual neuropsychological assessments including Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Global Cognition scores and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Global Scores (where a ≥ 0.

Associations between potential risk factors and blood-brain barrier water permeability in middle-aged and older adults.

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is suggested to be a potential mediator between vascular risk factors and cognitive impairment, leading to vascular cognitive impairment. To investigate the relationships between age, sex, and vascular risk factors and BBB water permeability as well as their relationship with cognition. To measure BBB permeability, a novel arterial spin labelling MRI technique (ME-ASL) was applied to derive the time of exchange (Tex), arterial time transit (ATT), and cerebral blood flow (CBF).

Utilizing deep learning to predict Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment with optical coherence tomography.

Introduction: Diagnostic performance of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains limited. We aimed to develop a deep-learning algorithm using OCT to detect AD and MCI.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study involving 228 Asian participants (173 cases/55 controls) for model development and testing on 68 Asian (52 cases/16 controls) and 85 White (39 cases/46 controls) participants.

Clinical utility of plasma p-tau217 in identifying abnormal brain amyloid burden in an Asian cohort with high prevalence of concomitant cerebrovascular disease.

Introduction: Using an Asian cohort with high prevalence of concomitant cerebrovascular disease (CeVD), we evaluated the performance of a plasma immunoassay for tau phosphorylated at threonine 217 (p-tau217) in detecting amyloid beta positivity (Aβ+) on positron emission tomography and cognitive decline, based on a three-range reference, which stratified patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups for Aβ+.

Methods: Brain amyloid status (Aβ- [n = 142] vs Aβ+ [n = 73]) on amyloid PET scans was assessed along with the plasma ALZpath p-tau217 assay to derive three-range reference points for PET Aβ+ based on 90% sensitivity (lower threshold) and 90% specificity (upper threshold).

Results: Plasma p-tau217 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.

Tract-specific white matter hyperintensities and neuropsychiatric syndromes: a multicentre memory clinic study.

Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia but the functional significance of WMH in specific white matter (WM) tracts is unclear. We investigate whether WMH burden within major WM fibre classes and individual WM tracts are differentially associated with different neuropsychiatric syndromes in a large multicentre study.

Method: Neuroimaging and neuropsychiatric data of seven memory clinic cohorts through the Meta VCI Map consortium were harmonised.

Retinal thickness predicts the risk of cognitive decline over five years.

Background: Dementia poses a significant burden on healthcare systems. Early identification of individuals at risk for cognitive decline is crucial. The retina, an extension of the central nervous system, reflects neurodegenerative changes.

Associations of neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric patterns with brain structural biomarkers and dementia risk: A latent class analysis.

Background: Neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms are essential clinical manifestations of age-related cognitive impairment, yet their patterns of co-existence remain unclear through the cognitive continuum.

Objective: To examine the associations of person-centered cluster-derived patterns, based on a comprehensive collection of domain-specific cognitive and neuropsychiatric assessments, with neuroimaging markers and dementia risk.

Methods: 641 participants were included in the analysis from memory clinics in Singapore.

Additive effects of cerebrovascular disease functional connectome phenotype and plasma p-tau181 on longitudinal neurodegeneration and cognitive outcomes.

Introduction: We investigated the effects of multiple cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) neuroimaging markers on brain functional connectivity (FC), and how such CeVD-related FC changes interact with plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau)181 (an Alzheimer's disease [AD] marker) to influence downstream neurodegeneration and cognitive changes.

Methods: Multivariate associations among four CeVD markers and whole-brain FC in 529 participants across the dementia spectrum were examined using partial least squares correlation. Interactive effects of CeVD-related FC patterns and p-tau181 on longitudinal gray matter volume (GMV) and cognitive changes were investigated using linear mixed-effects models.

Associations of Circulating Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Levels With Progression of Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease, Cognitive Decline, and Incident Dementia.

Background: The association between platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) with cerebral small-vessel disease and cognition in dementia-free subjects remains uninvestigated.

Methods And Results: A prospective cohort of dementia-free subjects was recruited from memory clinics and followed up for 5 years. Annual neurocognitive assessments and twice-yearly brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed.

Effect of particulate matter on cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults in China: An instrumental variable approach.

Emerging studies have suggested the association of ambient air pollution with worse cognitive function; however, causal evidence remains scarce. We aimed to estimate the effect of particulate matter (PM) exposure on overall and domain-specific cognitive function. A total of 14,205 participants aged 45 years and above were drawn from the 2015 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).

International students' perceived quality of university health centre services: an exploratory sequential mixed methods study.

Aim: This study aims to investigate international students' perspectives on service quality and analyse factors contributing to the perceived service quality of the university health centre.

Background: International students are at increased risk of experiencing poor mental health, isolation from families and cultures, language barriers, financial stress and academic pressures. It is important that universities support international students to enable them to complete their degrees and reach their desired level of achievement and performance.

Housing status is protective of neuropsychiatric symptoms among dementia-free multi-ethnic Asian elderly.

Background: Housing has been associated with dementia risk and disability, but associations of housing with differential patterns of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) among dementia-free older adults remain to be explored. The present study sought to explore the contribution of housing status on NPS and subsyndromes associated with cognitive dysfunction in community-dwelling dementia-free elderly in Singapore.

Methods: A total of 839 dementia-free elderly from the Epidemiology of Dementia in Singapore (EDIS) study aged ≥ 60 were enrolled in the current study.

A cross sectional study of role of technology in health for middle-aged and older adults in Singapore.

Telemedicine has gained popularity due to the increasing use of technology in our lives. However, no studies have explored the demographic factors affecting acceptability, desirability and adherence (ADA) to telemedicine in Singapore. Our study aims to evaluate the level of ADA of telemedicine services within demographic factors and to explore the association of potential demographic factors with the degree of acceptability, desirability and adherence of telemedicine among older adults in Singapore.

Marital History and Cognition in a Chinese Longevity Cohort.

Background: Marital factor has been associated with dementia and Alzheimer's disease, but there is limited evidence on the impact of holistic marital history over time.

Objective: This study aimed to examine association of marital history with cognition.

Methods: The study included 24,596 dementia-free participants from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study (CLHLS).

Physical activity in relation to metabolic health and obesity: The Feel4Diabetes study.

Aim: To examine physical activity levels in association with metabolic health and estimate the stability of metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotypes over a 2-year period.

Methods: In total, 2848 men and women from families at risk of the development of diabetes were recruited. Participants were classified as obese or non-obese and metabolic health was defined using five existing definitions.