An Evaluation of White Matter Intensities in Patients with Pediatric Migraine.

: This study aims to assess white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in pediatric migraine patients and to elucidate the pathophysiology of the disease. : A total of 30 patients diagnosed with migraine and 28 healthy individuals undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans for various reasons in our hospital between September 2019 and April 2023 were included in the study. We evaluated the presence, number, locations, and volumetric measurement of WMHs and the relationship between hyperintensity and attack profiles in migraine patients.

A Comparison of Pre- and Post-Treatment Cranial MRI Characteristics in Patients with Pediatric Epilepsy Receiving Levetiracetam.

: This study was performed for the purpose of assessing whether antiepileptic levetiracetam treatment produces a change in brain volumes in children with epilepsy. To that end, we compared the volumes of the basal ganglia (caudate nucleus, putamen, globus, hip-pocampus, and thalamus) at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after treatment (months 18-24) in pediatric epilepsy patients using levetiracetam. : This retrospective study involved a volumetric comparison of patients presenting to the Balikesir University Medical Faculty pediatric neurology clinic between 01.

The Role of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Amylin in Pediatric Migraine.

Background: Very few studies have examined the relationship between calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and amylin levels and the disease in patients with migraine. The purpose of this study was to compare blood CGRP and amylin levels between pediatric migraine patients and healthy controls and the relationship between CGRP and amylin levels and migraine attack frequency and duration.

Materials And Methods: The study involved two separate groups-control and migraine.

Environmental factors influencing the abundance and spatial distribution of modern dinoflagellate cysts in Izmir Bay (Eastern Mediterranean).

We analyzed surface sediments from 12 stations located in Izmir Bay to determine the impact of anthropogenic pollution on dinoflagellate cysts. Forty-three dinoflagellate cyst taxa and two cyst assemblage zones were identified. Zone 1 is characterized by the dominance of cysts of Gymnodinium nolleri, Selenopemphix nephroides, and Operculodinium centrocarpum from the oligotrophic part of Izmir Bay.

An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Melatonin and n-Acetylcysteine in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Adult Rats.

The purpose of this study was to apply histopathological and immunohistochemical methods to compare the protective efficacy of melatonin and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) application in rats with experimental brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induced through occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), and to evaluate the protective effect of their combined use. Forty-one young adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups-control ( = 8), I/R group ( = 8), melatonin ( = 8), NAC ( = 8), and melatonin + NAC ( = 9). All scores differed between the groups, apart from vascular congestion ( < 0.

Neurological Symptoms That May Represent a Warning in Terms of Diagnosis and Treatment in a Group of Children and Adolescents with Vitamin D Deficiency.

Aim: This research was intended to evaluate the clinical and laboratory findings of children presenting to our pediatric neurology clinic with symptoms potentially linked to vitamin D deficiency and with low vitamin D levels and the distribution of those findings by sex, age groups, and vitamin D levels.

Methods: This retrospective study involved patients presenting to our clinic with symptoms potentially associated with vitamin D deficiency and low serum concentrations of 25 OH vitamin D (25 OH D) (<75 nmol/L, 30 µg/mL). Patients' movement disorders and central nervous system-related symptoms at the time of presentation and serum 25 OH D, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg) levels were recorded and evaluated in terms of age, sex, and vitamin D levels.

Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Patients with Unexplained Intellectual Disability/Developmental Delay without Epilepsy.

Introduction: Global developmental delay (DD), intellectual disability (ID), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are mainly evaluated under the neurodevelopmental disorder framework. In this study, we aimed to determine the genetic diagnosis yield using step-by-step genetic analysis in 38 patients with unexplained ID/DD and/or ASD.

Methods: In 38 cases (27 male, 11 female) with unexplained ID/DD and/or ASD, chromosomal microarray (CMA) analysis, clinical exome sequencing (CES), and whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis were applied, respectively.

Do Spinal Needle Sizes Affect the Development of Traumatic CSF in Neonatal LP Procedures?

Lumbar puncture (LP) is widely employed to evaluate infectious, neurological and metabolic diseases in the newborn. Neonatal LP is a difficult procedure with 45-54% success rates. Although there are studies examining traumatic LP failure, studies on the effects of needle sizes are limited.

Effect of levetiracetam therapy on electrocardiographic parameters.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the electrocardiographic parameters before and at the sixth month of treatment of patients diagnosed with epilepsy and who were started on levetiracetam therapy.

Methods: The files of 30 patients diagnosed with epilepsy and on levetiracetam therapy were examined in this study. Clinical findings, electroencephalography (EEG), cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electrocardiography (ECG) data before and at the sixth month of treatment were recorded.

The effect of the lunar cycle on migraine: preliminary findings from a retrospective study.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the lunar cycle and attacks observed in patients diagnosed with migraine and under follow-up in our pediatric neurology clinic.

Methods: Cases diagnosed with migraine and under follow-up at the Balıkesir University Medical Faculty Pediatric Neurology Clinic, Turkey, undergoing attacks between 01.09.

Kleefstra Syndrome.

Kleefstra syndrome (KS), previously referred to as 9q subtelomeric deletion syndrome (9qSTDS), is characterised by moderate to severe developmental delay/mental retardation, childhood hypotonia, and brachy-microcephaly (main clinical phenotype), midface hypoplasia, prognathism, lip and eyebrow shape anomalies. The true prevalence of KS is unknown, but it is estimated that it occurs with a frequency of 1/200.000 in cases with mental retardation.

Does levetiracetam use affect visual evoked potentials in the treatment of childhood epilepsy?

Background: Side effects of antiepileptic drugs vary depending on the drug itself, drug dose and duration of use. One of these side effects is related to vision.

Methods: Patients who had been ordered visual evoked potential (VEP) measurements for various reasons between October 1, 2017 and October 1, 2019 at a pediatric neurology outpatient clinic and who were on levetiracetam monotherapy for at least six months for the treatment of focal/generalized epilepsy were included in the study and their files were scanned retrospectively (study group: SG).

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Vitamin B12.

The aim of this study was to evaluate vitamin B12 levels in the patients diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and to compare them with a healthy group. In this study, the files of the patients, who were admitted to the pediatric neurology outpatient clinic of a tertiary university hospital and were followed up after being diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 1 during the 15-month period, were evaluated retrospectively (Study group). Demographic data, and laboratory test results (complete blood count, iron, iron-binding capacity, ferritin, vitamin B12 and folate) were recorded from the patient files.

Vitamin B12 and folic acid levels in pediatric migraine patients.

Migraine is a recurrent, primary cause of headache. Although prophylactic vitamin B12 therapy is used on migraine patients, there is a limited number of studies examining the levels of B12 vitamin and folic acid in pediatric patients diagnosed with migraine. The study group (Group 1) included 65 pediatric patients diagnosed with migraine in the Pediatric neurology outpatient clinic, and 87 healthy cases admitted to the general pediatric clinic were included in the control group (Group 2).

Relationship between the dinoflagellate cyst Spiniferites pachydermus and Gonyaulax ellegaardiae sp. nov. from Izmir Bay, Turkey, and molecular characterization.

Here, we established the cyst-motile stage relation-ship for Spiniferites pachydermus through incubation of cysts with a characteristically microreticulate/perforate surface isolated from Izmir Bay in the eastern Aegean Sea of the eastern Mediterranean. The morphology of the motile stage was similar to Gonyaulax spinifera but had a different size, overhang, displacement and reticulations. Based on the distinct morphology of the cyst and morphological differences in motile cells, we assigned S.

Coexistence of Anal Atresia, Anophthalmia and Intestinal Neuronal Dysplasia Type-A in a Newborn.

We report a patient with anal atresia, anophthalmia and intestinal neuronal dysplasia type A.

Impact of industrial pollution on recent dinoflagellate cysts in Izmir Bay (Eastern Aegean).

The spatial distribution of dinoflagellate cysts was studied to understand the impact of industrial pollution on the surface sediment of Izmir Bay, Turkey. Forty two dinoflagellate cyst morphotypes belonging to 12 genera were identified and qualified at 12 sampling points. The cyst of Gymnodinium nolleri dominated the bay and had the highest abundance in most of the stations, following Spiniferites bulloideus and Lingulodinium machaerophorum.

Interactions between cocoa flavanols and inorganic nitrate: additive effects on endothelial function at achievable dietary amounts.

Dietary intervention studies have shown that flavanols and inorganic nitrate can improve vascular function, suggesting that these two bioactives may be responsible for beneficial health effects of diets rich in fruits and vegetables. We aimed to study interactions between cocoa flavanols (CF) and nitrate, focusing on absorption, bioavailability, excretion, and efficacy to increase endothelial function. In a double-blind randomized, dose-response crossover study, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured in 15 healthy subjects before and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after consumption of CF (1.

Thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy: do nodule volume and cystic degeneration ratio affect specimen adequacy and cytological diagnosis time?

Background: A fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of thyroid nodules - the least invasive and most accurate method used to investigate malignant lesions - may yield non-diagnostic specimens even under ultrasonographic guidance.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of thyroid nodule volume and extent of cystic degeneration on both the non-diagnostic specimen ratio as well as cytopathologist's definitive cytological diagnosis time.

Material And Methods: In this single center study, FNAB was performed on 505 patients with single thyroid nodules greater than 10 mm.

Magnetic resonance enterography in refractory iron deficiency anemia: a pictorial overview.

Aim: To highlight magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) for diagnosis of patients with refractory iron deficiency anemia and normal endoscopy results.

Methods: Fifty-three patients diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia refractory to treatment and normal gastroscopy and colonoscopy results were admitted to this prospective study between June 2013 and December 2013. All patients underwent a standardized MRE examination with a 1.

Distribution and abundance of modern dinoflagellate cysts from Marmara, Aegean and Eastern Seas of Turkey.

Twenty-one surface sediment samples were collected from coastal areas of Turkey to determine horizontal distribution and abundance of the cysts. A total of 40 dinoflagellate cyst types were identified and recorded in the range of 34 and 31532 cyst g(-1) d.wt.

Thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy: do we really need an on-site cytopathologist?

Purpose: The aim of this single center study is to evaluate the effectiveness of performing ultrasound-guided thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) performed by the radiologist alone without an on-site cytopathologist.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective randomized study, 203 patients with single nodules measuring 10mm or more underwent ultrasound-guided FNAB: 102 patients underwent FNAB performed by the radiologist accompanied by a cytopathologist (control group); 101 patients underwent FNAB by the radiologist alone (study group). In both groups biopsy time, specimen adequacy ratio, total aspiration number, cytopathologist's cytological diagnosis time (t1), cytopathologist's total time consumption (t2) were evaluated.

Accelerated idioventricular rhythm associated with propranolol treatment in a child.

Accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR) is a ventricular arrhythmia most commonly seen in adults with underlying cardiac disease. It is important to establish the diagnosis when it occurs to differentiate this benign phenomenon from dangerous ventricular tachycardia. We present the case of a healthy child who developed episodes of AIVR associated with propranolol treatment.