Retraction notice to "Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: An updated microbiological review" [Chemosphere 328 (2023) 138498].

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal).

Ruthenium-Catalyzed Chemo-Selective Carbene Insertion into C-H Bond of Styrene over Cyclopropanation: C-C Bond Formation.

The C-C bond formation reactions are important in organic synthesis. Heck reaction is known to arylate the terminal carbon of olefins; however, direct alkylation of the terminal carbon of olefin is limited. Herein, we report a novel ruthenium-catalyzed selective cross-coupling reaction of styrene and α-diazoesters to form a new C-C bond over cyclopropanation via the C-H insertion process for the first time.

Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: An updated microbiological review.

A class of organic priority pollutants known as PAHs is of critical public health and environmental concern due to its carcinogenic properties as well as its genotoxic, mutagenic, and cytotoxic properties. Research to eliminate PAHs from the environment has increased significantly due to awareness about their negative effects on the environment and human health. Various environmental factors, including nutrients, microorganisms present and their abundance, and the nature and chemical properties of the PAH affect the biodegradation of PAHs.

IL-33 ameliorates liver injury and inflammation in Poly I:C and Concanavalin-A induced acute hepatitis.

The IL-33/ST2 axis is known to be involved in liver pathologies and IL-33 is over-expressed in mouse hepatitis models. We aimed to investigate the proposed protective effect of IL-33 in murine fulminant hepatitis induced by a Toll like receptor 3 (TLR3) viral mimetic, Poly I:C or by Concanavalin-A (ConA). The Balb/C mice were administered intravenously with ConA (15 mg/kg) or Poly I:C (30 μg/mouse) to induce acute hepatitis along with vehicle control.

Crosstalk of liver immune cells and cell death mechanisms in different murine models of liver injury and its clinical relevance.

Background: Liver inflammation or hepatitis is a result of pluripotent interactions of cell death molecules, cytokines, chemokines and the resident immune cells collectively called as microenvironment. The interplay of these inflammatory mediators and switching of immune responses during hepatotoxic, viral, drug-induced and immune cell-mediated hepatitis decide the fate of liver pathology. The present review aimed to describe the mechanisms of liver injury, its relevance to human liver pathology and insights for the future therapeutic interventions.

Potential Therapeutic Aspects of Alarmin Cytokine Interleukin 33 or Its Inhibitors in Various Diseases.

Purpose: The purpose of this review was to examine the comprehensively accumulated data regarding potential therapeutic aspects of exogenous administration of interleukin 33 (IL-33) or its antagonists in allergic, cancerous, infectious, and inflammatory diseases.

Methods: A selected review was undertaken of publications that examined the protective and exacerbating effects of IL-33 or its inhibitors in different diseases. Mechanisms of action are summarized to examine the putative role of IL-33 in various diseases.