Multivariate analysis of the immune response to different rabies vaccines.

In a previous study, we proposed as an alternative to the use of animals in infectious challenge studies, a new approach describing the vaccine-induced immune response through the multivariate analysis of a defined set of immune parameters characterizing the B and T immune responses. This multivariate analysis, i.e.

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for biogas and biomethane analysis.

The gas industry is going to be revolutionized by being able to generate bioenergy from biomass. The production of biomethane - a green substitute of natural gas - is growing in Europe and the United-States of America. Biomethane can be injected into the gas grid or used as fuel for vehicles after compression.

Multivariate analysis of the immune response to a vaccine as an alternative to the repetition of animal challenge studies for vaccines with demonstrated efficacy.

The assessment of vaccine combinations, or the evaluation of the impact of minor modifications of one component in well-established vaccines, requires animal challenges in the absence of previously validated correlates of protection. As an alternative, we propose conducting a multivariate analysis of the specific immune response to the vaccine. This approach is consistent with the principles of the 3Rs (Refinement, Reduction and Replacement) and avoids repeating efficacy studies based on infectious challenges in vivo.

Hyperexpression of Foxp3 and IDO during acute rejection of islet allografts.

Background: We investigated the hypothesis that Foxp3+ cells are an integral component of antiallograft immunity but are dominated by pathogenic effectors.

Methods: Wild-type H-2b C57BL/6 (B6) mice or B6 mice with a targeted disruption of c-Rel gene (c-Rel-/-) were used as recipients of islet grafts from allogeneic DBA/2 (H-2d) mice or syngeneic B6 mice. We developed kinetic quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays and measured intragraft expression of mRNA for Foxp3, IDO, cytolytic molecules, proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines/receptors.