Association between coronary flow and aortic stenosis during transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Aims: In patients with aortic stenosis (AS), the coronary flow reserve decreases even in the absence of epicardial coronary artery stenosis. Systolic coronary flow reversal (SFR) reflecting reduced coronary microcirculation, often seen in patients with severe AS, has a potential negative impact on the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction. However, there are limited data on the relationship between the severity of AS and SFR, as well as on the benefits of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Doping control analyses during the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

The doping control analyses at the XXXII Olympic Games (July 23 to August 8, 2021) and the XVI Paralympic Games (August 24 to September 5, 2021) held in Tokyo, Japan, after a year of delay due to the COVID-19 pandemic are summarized in this paper. A new satellite facility at the existing World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)-accredited Tokyo laboratory was established and fully operated by 278 staff, including 33 Tokyo laboratory staff, 49 international experts, and 196 Japanese temporary staff. The numbers of urine samples were 5081 (Olympics) and 1519 (Paralympics), and the numbers of blood samples were 1103 (Olympics) and 500 (Paralympics).

Triceps brachii hypertrophy is substantially greater after elbow extension training performed in the overhead versus neutral arm position.

The biarticular triceps brachii long head (TB) is lengthened more in the overhead than neutral arm position. We compared triceps brachii hypertrophy after elbow extension training performed in the overhead vs. neutral arm position.

[Detection of Residual Solvents in Commercial Supplements Using Headspace (HS)-GC-MS].

In order to understand the actual state of residual solvents contained in commercial supplements, we performed a simultaneous analysis of residual solvents by headspace (HS)-GC-MS with reference to the Japanese Pharmacopoeia's "Residual Solvents", for 29 products selected from among commercial supplements (e.g., revitalizers, weight loss pills) that are deeply colored or contain coating agents and extract powder.

Residual Analysis of Aflatoxins in Spice by HPLC Coupled with Solid-Phase Dispersive Extraction and Solid-Phase Fluorescence Derivatization Method.

Background: Aflatoxins (AFs) are carcinogenic mycotoxins. A simple, quick, and accurate method for the micro-analysis of AFs in foodstuffs, especially spices, is needed.

Objective: A sophisticated pretreatment method that combines solid-phase dispersive extraction (SPDE) and solid-phase fluorescence derivatization using immunoaffinity (IA) gel as the solid phase was developed to analyze AFs in spices simply, quickly, and sensitively by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

Greater Hamstrings Muscle Hypertrophy but Similar Damage Protection after Training at Long versus Short Muscle Lengths.

Purpose: We investigated the effects of seated versus prone leg curl training on hamstrings muscle hypertrophy and susceptibility to eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage.

Methods: Part 1: Twenty healthy adults conducted seated leg curl training with one leg (Seated-Leg) and prone with the other (Prone-Leg), at 70% one-repetition maximum (1RM), 10 repetitions per set, 5 sets per session, 2 sessions per week for 12 wk. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-measured muscle volume of the individual and whole hamstrings was assessed pre- and posttraining.

Retinoid X receptor-mediated neuroprotection via CYP19 upregulation and subsequent increases in estradiol synthesis.

Increasing evidence has shown that one of the major neurosteroids, estradiol, has potent neuroprotective actions. We have reported that estradiol synthesis was enhanced when retinoic acid was added into rat hippocampal slice culture. In this study, we investigated the effects of a potent retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist, bexarotene, on estrogen synthesis and neuroprotective action in hippocampal slices.

Effects of sex steroid hormones and their metabolites on neuronal injury caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures.

In this study, protective actions of the sex steroid hormones, progesterone, testosterone, and 17β-estradiol, against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)/reoxygenation-induced neuronal cell death were examined using rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Progesterone, testosterone, and 17β-estradiol significantly attenuated neuronal cell death elicited by OGD/reoxygenation. While the neuroprotection conferred by progesterone was not affected by SU-10603, an inhibitor of cytochrome P45017α, finasteride, a 5α-reductase inhibitor that blocks the conversion of progesterone to allopregnanolone, partially reversed the neuroprotection induced by progesterone.