Clinical Evaluation After Discontinuation of Galcanezumab in Japanese Patients with Episodic and Chronic Migraine: Analysis of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial and Open-label Extension Study.

Introduction: This analysis of two Japanese clinical trials evaluated efficacy and safety after galcanezumab (GMB) discontinuation in patients with episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM).

Methods: Data were from a 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo [PBO]-controlled primary trial (patients with EM) and a 12-month open-label extension trial (patients with EM/CM). Patients received 6 months' (primary) or 12/18 months' (extension) treatment with GMB 120 mg (GMB120) plus 240-mg loading dose or 240 mg (GMB240) with 4 months' post-treatment follow-up.

Decreased stimulus-driven connectivity of the primary visual cortex during visual motion stimulation in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: An fMRI study.

Motion perceptual deficits are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the posterior parietal cortex is thought to play a critical role in these deficits, it is currently unclear whether the primary visual cortex (V1) contributes to these deficits in AD. To elucidate this issue, we investigated the net activity or connectivity within V1 in 17 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients, 17 AD patients and 17 normal controls (NC) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Analysis of cerebral lobar microbleeds and a decreased cerebral blood flow in a memory clinic setting.

Objective: Cerebral microbleeds (MBs) have been previously associated with cognitive dysfunction, including Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the relationship between cerebral lobar MBs and the regional cerebral blood flow (CBF).

Methods: We investigated the data obtained from 122 patients in our memory clinic who were examined by both MRI and (99m)Tc-ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD)-single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).

[A case of acute autonomic, sensory and motor neuropathy with swelling and gadolinium enhancement of bilateral trigeminal nerve on MRI and dissociation between superficial and deep sensation disturbance].

We report a case of a 46-year old man with acute autonomic, sensory and motor neuropathy (AASMN). He developed severe orthostatic hypotension, anuria,anhydrosis, tonic pupil with dysarthria, dysphagia, jaw claudication, and dysesthesia and sharp pain several days after symptom of upper respiratory infection. Neurological examination revealed severely decreased superficial sensation with normal deep sensation.

[Migraine with aura and recurrent vertigo attacks in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia].

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is characterized by systemic vascular diseases mainly shown as arterio-visnous fistula (AVF). Here, we presented a 29-year-old woman with HHT complicated with migraine with aura (MWA) and vertigo. At the age of twelve years, she developed migraine with visual aura.

Frostbite-like skin lesion as an autonomic symptom of Isaacs' syndrome.

A 25-year-old woman complained of numbness of the extremities, following muscle rigidity and tenderness. The presence of anti-voltage-gated potassium channel antibody led to the diagnosis of Isaacs' syndrome. Twenty-seven months after the first symptom, she developed a pricking pain sensation in the lateral left foot, and then gradually developed a purple skin lesion resembling frostbite.

[Sporadic hemiplegic migraine-like headache in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus].

A 39-year-old woman suddenly developed numbness of the left arm following mild weakness of the left upper and lower extremities, blindness in the left visual field, and difficulty finding words. Her symptoms lasted for two hours with no deficit remaining. Six months after the first episode, the first of several more occurred.

[A case of immune-mediated encephalopathy showing refractory epilepsy and extensive brain MRI lesions associated with anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody].

We reported a patient with immune-mediated encephalopathy showing refractory epilepsy and multiple brain lesions on MRI. The patient had high titers of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody in sera and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A 36-year-old previously healthy woman was admitted to our hospital with onset of sudden generalized seizure that then persisted for one month.

Reappraisal of brain MRI features in patients with multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica according to anti-aquaporin-4 antibody status.

Brain lesions are not uncommon in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) patients with anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody; however, the appearance of these lesions is said to be different from that of those in Western patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). To clarify the similarities and dissimilarities of brain lesions in anti-AQP4 antibody-positive and -negative MS and NMO patients, we examined the presence of anti-AQP4 antibody in the sera of 148 consecutive patients fulfilling Poser's criteria for clinically definite MS, of whom 38 also met the revised NMO criteria, using an immunofluorescence method, and analyzed brain lesions by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain lesions fulfilling the Barkhof criteria were significantly more common in 121 patients without anti-AQP4 antibody than in 27 patients with anti-AQP4 antibody (57.

[Predominant parasympathetic involvement in a patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease caused by the MPZ Thr124Met mutation].

Erectile dysfunction, dysuria, photophobia, and chronic cough developed insidiously in a 49-year-old man from his third decade. Severe difficulty of urination resulted in intermittent catheterization. He had six family members who had suffered similar autonomic symptoms with or without motor deficits.

Transient burning pain in the ipsilateral orbit as an initial manifestation of dorsal pontine hemorrhage: case report.

A 45-year-old man with a past history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia presented with right dorsal pontine hemorrhage manifesting as transient burning pain in the right orbital region, followed by numbness and mild weakness of the left side of the body. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a hyperintense lesion in the right dorsal pons on T(1)-weighted and T(2)-weighted images, but no other abnormalities suggesting vascular lesions in the midbrain, medulla, cerebellum, or cerebrum. These findings were consistent with the subacute stage of small pontine hemorrhage.

Frequency of chronic headaches in Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis: with special reference to opticospinal and common forms of multiple sclerosis.

Background: Headache is common in Western patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), but its frequency has not been reported in Asian patients. In Asians, the opticospinal form of MS, showing similar characteristics to relapsing neuromyelitis optica in Westerners, is regarded as a different subtype from conventional MS.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to clarify the frequency of primary and chronic secondary headaches in Japanese patients with MS and the factors associated with the emergence of such headaches.

Multimodality-evoked potential study of anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-positive and -negative multiple sclerosis patients.

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is claimed to be a distinct disease entity from multiple sclerosis (MS) because of its strong association with NMO-IgG/anti-AQP4 antibody; however, the in vivo role of the antibody remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to clarify whether the presence of anti-AQP4 antibody is associated with any abnormalities in multimodality-evoked potentials in 111 patients with relapsing-remitting or relapsing-progressive MS, including the opticospinal form of MS, 18 of whom were seropositive for anti-AQP4 antibody. More patients with anti-AQP4 antibody showed a lack of the P100 component on visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) than those without the antibody (11/17, 64.

[Solitary neurofibroma presenting as a tender soft-to-firm tumor at the temporal head region masquerading as temporal arteritis].

We reported a 59-year-old woman who had complained of right temporalgia for 5 years. She was first diagnosed with a carious tooth, but treatment did not alleviate the pain. She then developed right facial pain and numbness at the right side of the tongue tip.