Surgical skill analysis focused on tissue traction in laparoscopic wet lab training.

Background: Tissue handling is one of the pivotal parts of surgical procedures. We aimed to elucidate the characteristics of experts' left-hand during laparoscopic tissue dissection.

Methods: Participants performed tissue dissection around the porcine aorta.

Brain region-specific neural activation by low-dose opioid promotes social behavior.

The opioid system plays crucial roles in modulating social behaviors in both humans and animals. However, the pharmacological profiles of opioids regarding social behavior and their therapeutic potential remain unclear. Multiple pharmacological, behavioral, and immunohistological c-Fos mapping approaches were used to characterize the effects of μ-opioid receptor agonists on social behavior and investigate the mechanisms in naive mice and autism spectrum disorder-like (ASD-like) mouse models, such as prenatally valproic acid-treated mice and Fmr1-KO mice.

TRPC6 is a mechanosensitive channel essential for ultrasound neuromodulation in the mammalian brain.

Ultrasound neuromodulation has become an innovative technology that enables noninvasive intervention in mammalian brain circuits with high spatiotemporal precision. Despite the expanding utility of ultrasound neuromodulation in the neuroscience research field and clinical applications, the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which ultrasound impacts neural activity in the brain are still largely unknown. Here, we report that transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6), a mechanosensitive nonselective cation channel, is essential for ultrasound neuromodulation of mammalian neurons in vitro and in vivo.

Fine needle aspiration cytology diagnoses of follicular thyroid carcinoma: results from a multicenter study in Asia.

Background: This study was designed to compare diagnostic categories of thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and incidence of thyroid tumors in the multi-institutional Asian series with a special focus on diagnostic category IV (suspicious for a follicular neoplasm) and follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs).

Methods: Distribution of FNAC categories, incidence of thyroid tumors in resection specimens and cytologic diagnoses of surgically confirmed follicular adenomas (FAs) and FTCs were collected from 10 institutes from five Asian countries and were compared among countries and between FAs and FTCs.

Results: The frequency of category IV diagnoses (3.

A case of bone resorption in the mentum caused by hyaluronic acid filler in a patient with skeletal Class II jaw deformity.

Key Clinical Message: Chin augmentation by hyaluronic acid filler injection rarely causes abnormal bone resorption in the mentum. Thus, when taking the history of a patient with jaw deformity, it is imperative to check the history of treatment of the mentum.

Abstract: Hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injection is a common procedure in nonsurgical cosmetic chin augmentation.

Ro5-4864, a translocator protein ligand, regulates T cell-mediated inflammatory responses in skin.

Translocator protein (TSPO) is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein expressed on a variety of immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells, in addition to neurons and steroid-producing cells. Previous studies of TSPO ligands have suggested that TSPO is involved in multiple cellular functions, including steroidogenesis, immunomodulation, and cell proliferation. Currently, there are limited reports on the effects of TSPO or TSPO ligands on T cell-mediated immune responses.

A novel tauopathy model mimicking molecular and spatial aspects of human tau pathology.

Creating a mouse model that recapitulates human tau pathology is essential for developing strategies to intervene in tau-induced neurodegeneration. However, mimicking the pathological features seen in human pathology often involves a trade-off with artificial effects such as unexpected gene insertion and neurotoxicity from the expression system. To overcome these issues, we developed the rTKhomo mouse model by combining a transgenic CaMKII-tTA system with a P301L mutated 1N4R human tau knock-in at the locus with a C57BL/6J background.

Pharmacotherapy for patients with calcium oxalate stones and abnormal urine chemistry: A systematic review and meta-analysis for the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Urinary Stones, Third Edition.

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the benefits and harms of pharmacotherapies for patients with calcium oxalate stones and abnormal urine chemistry. This article is a modified and detailed version of the commentary on Clinical Question 10 described in the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Urinary Stones, Third Edition. PubMed and Ichushi Web were searched through August 2020 for articles on pharmacotherapies for calcium oxalate stones (thiazides, citrate preparations, uric acid production inhibitors, and magnesium preparations).

Association of SO-Generating Pads before Packaging and during Cold Storage to Extend the Conservation of 'Italia' Table Grapes.

The SO-generating pads contain different concentrations of sodium metabisulfite, which absorbs water from the grapes' transpiration, releasing SO gas, and there are slow-(SlowSO) and dual (DualSO)-releasing pads (fast release in the first 48 h and slow for up to 60 days). The ultra-fast SO-generating pad (FieldSO) releases the SO quickly for up to 6 h, and it was designed to be used soon after the harvest and until the grapes' packaging. The goal was to study the effect of FieldSO associated with SlowSO and DualSO pads on gray mold incidence and physicochemical and appearance characteristics of 'Italia' table grapes.

Alterations of striatal phosphodiesterase 10 A and their association with recurrence rate in bipolar I disorder.

Phosphodiesterase 10 A (PDE10A), a pivotal element of the second messenger signaling downstream of the dopamine receptor stimulation, is conceived to be crucially involved in the mood instability of bipolar I disorder (BD-I) as a primary causal factor or in response to dysregulated dopaminergic tone. We aimed to determine whether striatal PDE10A availability is altered in patients with BD-I and assessed its relationship with the clinical characteristics of BD-I. This case-control study used positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-(2-(3-(4-(2-[F]fluoroethoxy)phenyl)-7-methyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)ethyl)-4-isopropoxyisoindoline-1,3-dione ([F]MNI-659), a radioligand that binds to PDE10A, to examine the alterations of the striatal PDE10A availability in the living brains of individuals with BD-I and their association with the clinical characteristics of BD-I.

Validation and motion analyses of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy with Thiel-embalmed cadavers.

Purpose: Our aim was to develop practical training for laparoscopic surgery using Thielembalmed cadavers. Furthermore, in order to verbalize experts' motion characteristics and provide objective feedback to trainees, we initiated motion capture analyses of multiple surgical instruments simultaneously during the cadaveric trainings. In the present study, we report our preliminary results.

[Tau Positron Emission Tomography: Applications in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Various Diseases].

Tau positron emission tomography (PET) is a neuroimaging technique that visualizes tau deposition using PET tracers that selectively bind to tau aggregates. Studies have reported the diagnostic and prognostic value of tau PET in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. However, the binding profiles of tau PET drugs vary widely across tauopathies; therefore, an accurate understanding of the disease-specific characteristics is essential for interpretation of tau PET findings.

Unsupervised decomposition of natural monkey behavior into a sequence of motion motifs.

Nonhuman primates (NHPs) exhibit complex and diverse behavior that typifies advanced cognitive function and social communication, but quantitative and systematical measure of this natural nonverbal processing has been a technical challenge. Specifically, a method is required to automatically segment time series of behavior into elemental motion motifs, much like finding meaningful words in character strings. Here, we propose a solution called SyntacticMotionParser (SMP), a general-purpose unsupervised behavior parsing algorithm using a nonparametric Bayesian model.

Distinct roles of monkey OFC-subcortical pathways in adaptive behavior.

Primates must adapt to changing environments by optimizing their behavior to make beneficial choices. At the core of adaptive behavior is the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) of the brain, which updates choice value through direct experience or knowledge-based inference. Here, we identify distinct neural circuitry underlying these two separate abilities.

Effects of a 5-HT receptor antagonist in the caudate nucleus on the performance of macaques in a delayed reward task.

Temporal discounting, in which the recipient of a reward perceives the value of that reward to decrease with delay in its receipt, is associated with impulsivity and psychiatric disorders such as depression. Here, we investigate the role of the serotonin 5-HT receptor (5-HTR) in modulating temporal discounting in the macaque dorsal caudate nucleus (dCDh), the neurons of which have been shown to represent temporally discounted value. We first mapped the 5-HTR distribution in macaque brains using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and confirmed dense expression of 5-HTR in the dCDh.

A case of BIA-ALCL in which postoperative chest wall recurrence was highly suspected: the third reported case of BIA-ALCL in Japan.

Background: Breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare malignancy. Many cases of BIA-ALCL are identified based on the presence of late-onset effusion and/or masses. Importantly, the United States Food and Drug Administration noted that in all cases diagnosed in patients with textured implants, the patients either had a history of mixed implantation of smooth and textured devices or no clinical history was supplied for review.

Differentiation potential of SOX2-positive stem cells in the bovine pituitary gland.

The pituitary gland is the master endocrine gland, harboring stem cells with various genetic characteristics; however, data from non-rodent and non-human sources are scarce. In this study, we isolated putative stem cells from the bovine pituitary gland and investigated their potential for differentiation into hormone-producing cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that in calves and heifers, stem cell marker sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2)-positive cells were widely present in the pituitary gland and partially co-localized with anterior pituitary hormones.