The phylogeography and spatiotemporal spread of south-central skunk rabies virus.

The south-central skunk rabies virus (SCSK) is the most broadly distributed terrestrial viral lineage in North America. Skunk rabies has not been efficiently targeted by oral vaccination campaigns and represents a natural system of pathogen invasion, yielding insights to rabies emergence. In the present study we reconstructed spatiotemporal spread of SCSK in the whole territory of its circulation using a combination of Bayesian methods.

Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2012.

SUMMARY-During 2012, 49 states and Puerto Rico reported 6,162 rabid animals and 1 human rabies case to the CDC, representing a 2.1% increase from the 6,031 rabid animals and 6 human cases reported in 2011. Approximately 92% of reported rabid animals were wildlife.

Comparison of staples vs suturing for securing central venous catheters.

Objective: To determine whether skin staples can be used to secure central venous catheters as effectively as does suturing.

Methods: A prospective, randomized trial of techniques to secure a central venous catheter was performed in a medical school human anatomy laboratory using human cadavers. Central lines were secured to the upper left thorax using either standard suture material (000 silk) or skin staples (5.

Decay in quality of closed-chest compressions over time.

Study Objective: To characterize fatigue-induced deterioration in the adequacy of closed-chest compressions performed over a period of 5 minutes and to determine whether CPR providers can recognize the effects of fatigue on compression adequacy.

Design: Prospective evaluation of study subjects performing closed-chest compressions on an electronic mannequin that assesses compression placement and depth.

Setting: Major resuscitation room in rural university hospital emergency department.

Red cabin lights impair air medical crew performance of color-dependent tasks.

Introduction: Red cabin lighting is often used for nighttime patient transports in helicopters. This study was conducted to determine if red lighting results in impairment of color-dependent tasks.

Methods: An emergency medical services pilot adjusted red lighting in a BO-105 cabin to maximum acceptable intensity.

Tracheal mucociliary transport rate in awake dogs.

To measure tracheal mucociliary transport rate (TMTR) in awake dogs, restrained in dorsal recumbency, 99mtechnetium-labeled macroaggregated albumin was administered by tracheal injection, and the cephalic movement of boluses containing the radiopharmaceutical was detected by a gamma camera positioned lateral to the dog's head and neck. The distance traveled by each bolus was measured, relative to external markers placed a known distance apart. Tracheal mucociliary transport rates were calculated by dividing the measured distance of radiopharmaceutical movement by elapsed time.

Use of hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the diagnosis of extrahepatic biliary obstruction in dogs and cats: 25 cases (1982-1989).

Twenty-five animals (21 dogs and 4 cats) in which hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS) was performed between 1982 and 1989 were included in a retrospective study to determine the utility of HBS for diagnosis of extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Final diagnoses, which were based on liver biopsy results and surgical findings in all animals, were hepatocellular disease alone (n = 17), hepatocellular disease and extrahepatic biliary obstruction (n = 7), and normal liver (n = 1). Hepatobiliary scintigraphy was performed by use of 99mTc-diisopropyl iminodiacetic acid in all cases.

Lymphoscintigraphy in healthy dogs and dogs with experimentally created thoracic duct abnormalities.

Lymphoscintigraphic evaluation of the thoracic duct (TD) was performed in 10 healthy and 12 dogs with experimentally created TD abnormalities (6 dogs with TD lacerations and 6 dogs with cranial vena ligations). Complete imaging took 4 hours and caused no adverse effects or complications. Lymphoscintigraphy of healthy dogs failed to image the TD; however, background activity in the abdomen and thorax, and radioactivity in the kidneys, bladder, liver, and heart were noticed.

Multicentric osseous lymphoma with spinal extradural involvement in a dog.

Multicentric osseous lymphoma involving the ribs and multiple vertebrae was observed in a 7-year-old Siberian Husky. Extradural spinal cord compression was treated by surgical decompressive hemilaminectomy of L1-2 without noticeable improvement of signs neurologic dysfunction. However, palliation of signs of pain was noticed after irradiation in conjunction with chemotherapy and surgical decompression.

Comparison of four methods of estimating glomerular filtration rate in cats.

Four methods of evaluating renal function were performed in 6 cats anesthetized with halothane in oxygen. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured simultaneously in each cat by exogenous creatinine clearance (ECC), bolus inulin clearance, and 99mTc(Sn)-diethylene-triaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) clearance determined by 2 different methods. In the first DTPA clearance method (DTPA-1), we measured radioactivity in serial blood specimens to construct plasma disappearance curves for calculation of GFR.

Effect of beta-tricalcium phosphate in surgically created subchondral bone defects in male horses.

beta-Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) was evaluated as a synthetic bone grafting material in horses. Sixteen horses were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 4 horses. In each horse, an 11-mm by 10-mm circular defect with a smooth margin was created surgically in the weight-bearing surface of both third metacarpal bones (McIII) and the left third metatarsal bone.

Radionuclide, radiographic, and histomorphometric evaluation of healing of surgically created subchondral defects in equine bone.

In the present study, radionuclide scintigraphy and radiography were used to evaluate the rate and degree of healing that occurred in surgically created subchondral bone defects in horses. Following radionuclide scintigraphy and radiography the horses were killed, and histomorphometric analysis was performed on the defect sites. The histomorphometric results were compared to the radionuclide scintigraphic and radiographic results to determine which noninvasive technique provided the most accurate information concerning healing of the bone defects.

Evaluation of renal function in cats, using quantitative urinalysis.

Two consecutive 24-hour quantitative urinalyses were performed on each of 12 healthy adult cats to evaluate the technique and obtain reference values for measurements of urinary excretion of several substances. Endogenous creatinine clearance (2.31 +/- 0.

Obstruction of the superior vena cava or subclavian veins: sonographic diagnosis.

The normal subclavian vein shows a respiratory rhythmicity on sonograms and responds to a sudden sniff maneuver by collapsing in a rapid, transient manner secondary to the sudden decrease in intrathoracic pressure. Of 11 patients studied using ultrasound (US) for possible superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction, five patients with proved SVC obstruction had no response of the enlarged subclavian veins to respiratory maneuvers. One patient with a partial obstruction had a minimal response on one side.

CT in the management of periappendiceal abscess.

Abdominal CT was the primary diagnostic method used to evaluate 40 patients with suspected periappendiceal abscess. Its subsequent impact on patient management was then analyzed for several categories of clinical presentation, including patients with and without a palpable right-lower-quadrant mass and postoperative patients. CT was reliable in distinguishing periappendiceal abscesses from phlegmons; 17 of 18 patients with phlegmons responded promptly to antibiotic therapy alone without need for surgery.

Sonographic evaluation of the normal response of subclavian veins to respiratory maneuvers.

Sonography of the subclavian veins is a new noninvasive, simple technique to evaluate the subclavian veins. The physiologic changes of the subclavian veins consistently respond in a predictable manner to simple respiratory maneuvers. The subclavian veins of 11 normal patients (22 veins) whose ages ranged from 18 to 60 years were studied.

A tandem guide for renal biopsy.

Percutaneous renal biopsy with direct ultrasound guidance can minimize complications of the biopsy procedure. Presently, many laboratories use ultrasound to localize the kidney, and to calculate the appropriate depth and angle for biopsy needle placement. The actual biopsy, however, is performed blindly.

A juxtarenal myelolipoma in a cottontop marmoset (Saguinus oedipus): A case report.

A myelolipoma was surgically removed from the abdomen of a 15-year-old female cottontop marmoset (Saguinus oedipus). Because of its close adherence to the right kidney, a unilateral nephrectomy was performed. The post-surgical recovery was uneventful.

Lymphatic clearance of radioactive sulfur colloid.

Lymphatic clearance of radioactive sulfur colloid is measured in the hind limb of five mongrel dogs. A solid state Si(Li) detector is placed onto the skin to continuously record activity over the site of subcutaneous injection. Decrease in activity follows an exponential decay which is modeled as a dual decay occurring from both the radioactive decay of the tracer and the lymph clearance of the tagged sulfur colloid.

Clinical pulmonary perfusion imaging in the dog.

Scintigraphic pulmonary perfusion imaging in the dog has been described for the clinically normal animal. The usefulness of this technique in the patient with pulmonary dysfunction was assessed by review of 76 consecutive clinical cases completed in a 6-month period. This review indicated that 3 basic patterns of perfusion defects are commonly seen in the dog.

Control of radiation in animal facilities.

Use of radioactive materials in animals for research and clinical studies is on the increase. These studies may be undertaken with little or no disruption of normal facility operations if a few facts are considered. The primary factor of consideration is the radiopharmaceutical--its pharmacologic behavior and physical characteristics.

Acute canine ehrlichiosis: platelet survival and factor 3 assay.

Ten dogs experimentally inoculated with Ehrlichia canis were thrombocytopenic 14 days after inoculation. Circulating platelet concentrations had declined rapidly by postinoculation day 10, but remained at or slightly below the 14-day concentration during the remainder of the 42-day experimental period. The percentage of circulating megathrombocytes also increased to 8.