High speed single pixel imaging using a microLED-on-CMOS light projector.

Achieving high frame-rate operation in single pixel imaging schemes normally demands significant compromises in the flexibility of the imaging system, requiring either complex optical setups or a hardware-limited pattern mask set. Here, we demonstrate a single pixel imaging capability with pattern frame-rates approaching 400 kfps with a recently developed microLED light projector and an otherwise simple optical setup. The microLED array has individually addressable pixels and can operate significantly faster than digital micromirror devices, allowing flexibility with regards to the pattern masks employed for imaging even at the fastest frame-rates.

Laboratory Monitoring in Isotretinoin Therapy for Acne: How Long and How Often Must We Test Our Patients?

The optimal frequency and timing of laboratory monitoring during isotretinoin treatment remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the frequency, timing, and severity of abnormal results during isotretinoin for acne. We conducted a retrospective cohort study comprising 444 acne patients prescribed isotretinoin at Boston Medical Center from 2004 to 2017; these patients had at least one available baseline laboratory result.

An 8-week physiotherapist-led return to sport group program after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction improves measures of physical and psychological function: A case series.

Background: Low return to competitive sport, high reinjury rates and long-term functional impairment of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) present significant challenges for patients. A program that facilitates a safe return to sport (RTS) following ACLR could potentially improve outcomes.

Study Design: Case Series.

Effect of rabbit ATG PK on outcomes after TCR-αβ/CD19-depleted pediatric haploidentical HCT for hematologic malignancy.

We hypothesized that the inferior disease-free survival (DFS) seen in older patients who underwent αβ-T-cell/CD19-depleted (AB-TCD) haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for hematologic malignancies is caused by excessive exposure to rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG; Thymoglobulin). Between 2015 and 2023, 163 patients with a median age of 13 years (range, 0.4-27.

Time to first remission and survival in patients with acromegaly: Evidence from the UK Acromegaly Register Study (UKAR).

Objective: This study aimed to understand the effect of time to remission of acromegaly on survival in people living with acromegaly.

Design, Patients And Measurement: This cross-sectional study used data from the UK Acromegaly Register. We considered remission of acromegaly growth hormone controlled at ≤2 μg/L following the diagnosis of acromegaly.

Cyclophosphamide and Thiotepa Increases Risk of Transplant-Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy.

Transplant associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is a complication of hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) associated with endothelial injury resulting in severe end organ damage, acute and long-term morbidity, and mortality. Myeloablative conditioning is a known risk factor, though specific causative agents have not been identified. We hypothesized that the combination of cyclophosphamide and thiotepa (CY + TT) is particularly toxic to the endothelium, placing patients at elevated risk for TA-TMA.

Increased mortality in acromegaly is due to vascular and respiratory disease and is normalised by control of GH levels-A retrospective analysis from the UK Acromegaly Register 1970-2016.

Context: Epidemiological studies involving patients with acromegaly have yielded conflicting results regarding cancer incidence and causes of mortality in relation to control of growth hormone (GH) excess.

Objective: The objective of this retrospective cohort study is to clarify these questions and identify goals for treatment and monitoring patients.

Methods: We studied 1845 subjects from the UK Acromegaly Register (1970-2016), obtaining cancer standardised incidence rates (SIR) and all causes standardised mortality rates (SMR) from UK Office for National Statistics, to determine the relationship between causes of mortality-age at diagnosis, duration of disease, post-treatment and mean GH levels.

Diagnosing and Grading of Sinusoidal Obstructive Syndrome after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant of Children, Adolescent and Young Adults treated in a Pediatric Institution with Pediatric Protocols.

Sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS), or veno-occlusive disease, of the liver has been recognized as a complex, life-threatening complication in the posthematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) setting. The diagnostic criteria for SOS have evolved over the last several decades with a greater understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, with 2 recent diagnostic criteria introduced in 2018 (European Society of Bone Marrow Transplant [EBMT] criteria) and 2020 (Cairo criteria). We sought out to evaluate the performance characteristics in diagnosing and grading SOS in pediatric patients of the 4 different diagnostic criteria (Baltimore, Modified Seattle, EBMT, and Cairo) and severity grading systems (defined by the EBMT and Cairo criteria).

Transmission of Viruses from Restroom Use: A Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment.

Restroom use has been implicated in a number of viral outbreaks. In this study, we apply quantitative microbial risk assessment to quantify the risk of viral transmission by contaminated restroom fomites. We estimate risk from high-touch fomite surfaces (entrance/exit door, toilet seat) for three viruses of interest (SARS-CoV-2, adenovirus, norovirus) through eight exposure scenarios involving differing user behaviors, and the use of hand sanitizer following each scenario.

Consensus guideline for the diagnosis and management of pituitary adenomas in childhood and adolescence: Part 2, specific diseases.

Pituitary adenomas are rare in children and young people under the age of 19 (hereafter referred to as CYP) but they pose some different diagnostic and management challenges in this age group than in adults. These rare neoplasms can disrupt maturational, visual, intellectual and developmental processes and, in CYP, they tend to have more occult presentation, aggressive behaviour and are more likely to have a genetic basis than in adults. Through standardized AGREE II methodology, literature review and Delphi consensus, a multidisciplinary expert group developed 74 pragmatic management recommendations aimed at optimizing care for CYP in the first-ever comprehensive consensus guideline to cover the care of CYP with pituitary adenoma.

Consensus guideline for the diagnosis and management of pituitary adenomas in childhood and adolescence: Part 1, general recommendations.

Tumours of the anterior part of the pituitary gland represent just 1% of all childhood (aged <15 years) intracranial neoplasms, yet they can confer high morbidity and little evidence and guidance is in place for their management. Between 2014 and 2022, a multidisciplinary expert group systematically developed the first comprehensive clinical practice consensus guideline for children and young people under the age 19 years (hereafter referred to as CYP) presenting with a suspected pituitary adenoma to inform specialist care and improve health outcomes. Through robust literature searches and a Delphi consensus exercise with an international Delphi consensus panel of experts, the available scientific evidence and expert opinions were consolidated into 74 recommendations.

A microbial risk assessor's guide to Valley Fever (Coccidioides spp.): Case study and review of risk factors.

Valley Fever is a respiratory disease caused by inhalation of arthroconidia, a type of spore produced by fungi within the genus Coccidioides spp. which are found in dry, hot ecosystems of the Western Hemisphere. A quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) for the disease has not yet been performed due to a lack of dose-response models and a scarcity of quantitative occurrence data from environmental samples.

Pre-and post-HSCT use of TKI therapy for fusion-driven B-ALL: A case series of five pediatric, adolescent and young adult patients.

Background: The development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has significantly improved survival rates among patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+) B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Ph-like B-ALL patients lack the BCR::ABL1 translocation but share gene expression profiles with Ph+ B-ALL. The role of TKIs for Ph-like patients pre- and post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is not yet clear.

University student-led public engagement event: increasing audience diversity and impact in a non-science space.

There is a wealth of innovation in microbiology outreach events globally, including in the setting where the public engagement is hosted. Previous data indicate an underrepresentation of marginalized ethnic groups attending UK science-based public engagement events. This project engaged our student cohort, encompassing a diverse range of ethnic groups, to create an integrated art and science event within an existing series of adult education evenings.

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage after hematopoietic cell transplantation- response to treatments and risk factors for mortality.

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a life-threatening complication of hematopoietic cellular therapy (HCT). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of DAH treatments on outcomes using data from consecutive HCT patients clinically diagnosed with DAH from 3 institutions between January 2018-August 2022. Endpoints included sustained complete response (sCR) defined as bleeding cessation without recurrent bleeding, and non-relapse mortality (NRM).

Understanding the impact of radiotherapy related insufficiency fractures and exploring satisfaction with two existing patient reported outcome measures: A qualitative interview study.

Introduction: Radiotherapy related insufficiency fractures (RRIFs) occur in approximately 10-15% of cancer survivors who underwent pelvic radiotherapy. Little research has been conducted to explore the impact of RRIFs on quality of life (QOL). Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are often used in oncology to measure side effects and QOL.

Radiotherapy-related insufficiency fractures and bone mineral density: what is the connection?

Background: Radiotherapy-related insufficiency fractures (RRIFs) represent a common, burdensome consequence of pelvic radiotherapy. Their underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and data on the effect of osteoporosis are contradictory, with limited studies assessing bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Methods: BMD by DXA (Hologic) scan and fracture risk following pelvic RRIF were retrospectively assessed in 39 patients (median age 68 years) at a tertiary cancer centre.

Quantum deep learning by sampling neural nets with a quantum annealer.

We demonstrate the feasibility of framing a classically learned deep neural network as an energy based model that can be processed on a one-step quantum annealer in order to exploit fast sampling times. We propose approaches to overcome two hurdles for high resolution image classification on a quantum processing unit (QPU): the required number and the binary nature of the model states. With this novel method we successfully transfer a pretrained convolutional neural network to the QPU.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-mediated hypophysitis: no place like home.

Ambulatory emergency care forms a fundamental part of the strategy of trying to ensure safe and sustainable acute care services. Immune checkpoint inhibitor(ICI)-mediated hypophysitis is an important life-threatening complication of therapy. Patients presenting with clinical features and findings consistent with ICI-mediated hypophysitis were considered in the current study.

Use of eculizumab in children with allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation associated thrombotic microangiopathy - a multicentre retrospective PDWP and IEWP EBMT study.

Terminal complement blockade by humanised monoclonal antibody eculizumab has been used to treat transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) in recent years. This retrospective international study conducted by the Paediatric Diseases (PDWP) and Inborn Error Working Party (IEWP) of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) describes outcome and response of 82 paediatric patients from 29 centres who developed TA-TMA and were treated with eculizumab between January 2014 and May 2019. The median time from hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to TA-TMA manifestation was 92 days (range: 7-606) and from TA-TMA diagnosis to the start of eculizumab treatment 6 days (range: 0-135).

An immune dysfunction score for stratification of patients with acute infection based on whole-blood gene expression.

Dysregulated host responses to infection can lead to organ dysfunction and sepsis, causing millions of global deaths each year. To alleviate this burden, improved prognostication and biomarkers of response are urgently needed. We investigated the use of whole-blood transcriptomics for stratification of patients with severe infection by integrating data from 3149 samples from patients with sepsis due to community-acquired pneumonia or fecal peritonitis admitted to intensive care and healthy individuals into a gene expression reference map.

Endocrine-related adverse conditions in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibition: an ESE clinical practice guideline.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized cancer treatment but are associated with significant autoimmune endocrinopathies that pose both diagnostic and treatment challenges. The aim of this guideline is to provide clinicians with the best possible evidence-based recommendations for treatment and follow-up of patients with ICI-induced endocrine side-effects based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. As these drugs have been used for a relatively short time, large systematic investigations are scarce.