Null T-cell phenotype mycosis fungoides with aberrant CD20 and CD56 expression: A diagnostic dilemma.

Mycosis fungoides (MF) represents the most common type of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Recognition of MF variants with divergent immunophenotypes is important for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management, as they can be confused with other lymphoma subtypes. We present a case of a 49-year-old male previously diagnosed with a cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder with an unusual NK/T-cell phenotype.

Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee Points to Consider: Primary Digital Histopathology Evaluation and Peer Review for Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) Nonclinical Toxicology Studies.

The Society of Toxicologic Pathology's Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee formed a working group to consider the present and future use of digital pathology in toxicologic pathology in general and specifically its use in primary evaluation and peer review in Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) environments. Digital histopathology systems can save costs by reducing travel, enhancing organizational flexibility, decreasing slide handling, improving collaboration, increasing access to historical images, and improving quality and efficiency through integration with laboratory information management systems. However, the resources to implement and operate a digital pathology system can be significant.

Sharpening Working Memory With Real-Time Electrophysiological Brain Signals: Which Neurofeedback Paradigms Work?

Growing evidence supports the idea that the ultimate biofeedback is to reward sensory pleasure (e.g., enhanced visual clarity) in real-time to neural circuits that are associated with a desired performance, such as excellent memory retrieval.

Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee Brief Communication: 2019 Survey on Use of Digital Histopathology Systems in Nonclinical Toxicology Studies.

Histopathologic evaluation and peer review using digital whole-slide images (WSIs) is a relatively new medium for assessing nonclinical toxicology studies in Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) environments. To better understand the present and future use of digital pathology in nonclinical toxicology studies, the Society of Toxicologic Pathology (STP) formed a working group to survey STP members with the goal of creating recommendations for implementation. The survey was administered in December 2019, immediately before the COVID-19 pandemic, and the results suggested that the use of digital histopathology for routine GLP histopathology assessment was not widespread.

A Severe Presentation of Plasma Cell Cheilitis.

Plasma cell cheilitis (PCC) is an uncommon condition characterized by mature plasma cell infiltration of the dermis of the mucosal lip. The condition often presents as a red-brown patch or plaque on the lower lip in older individuals that can progress to erosions and edema. Diagnosis can be delayed because clinical findings are nonspecific and can mimic neoplastic, infectious, and inflammatory conditions.

Inhibition of CtBP-Regulated Proinflammatory Gene Transcription Attenuates Psoriatic Skin Inflammation.

Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated disease characterized by excessive proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes and increased immune cell infiltration to the skin. Although it is well-known that psoriasis pathogenesis is driven by aberrant production of proinflammatory cytokines, the mechanisms underlying the imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression are incompletely understood. In this study, we report that the transcriptional coregulators CtBP1 and 2 can transactivate a common set of proinflammatory genes both in the skin of imiquimod-induced mouse psoriasis model and in human keratinocytes and macrophages stimulated by imiquimod.

Clinical validity of a gene expression signature in diagnostically uncertain neoplasms.

Evaluate the accuracy of a 23-gene expression signature in differentiating benign nevi from melanoma by comparing test results with clinical outcomes. Seven dermatopathologists blinded to gene expression test results and clinical outcomes examined 181 lesions to identify diagnostically uncertain cases. Participants independently recorded diagnoses and responses to questions quantifying diagnostic certainty.

Cognition and Other Predictors of Functional Disability Among Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Background: Limitations in everyday functioning are frequently reported by veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Multiple factors are associated with functional disability among veterans, including depression, poor social support, cognition, and substance use. However, the degree to which these factors, particularly cognitive capacities, contribute to functional limitations remains unclear.

Immunohistochemistry utilization in the diagnosis of melanoma.

Background: The use of immunohistochemical (IHC) stains in dermatopathology is commonplace; however, little is known regarding utilization trends in melanoma diagnosis. Current Medicare local coverage determinations (LCDs) state that most pigmented lesions, including melanoma, can be diagnosed using H&E alone.

Methods: Histopathology reports for all biopsy-proven melanomas excised between January 1, 2017 and June 30, 2018, at a single dermatology clinic, were identified with the following parameters abstracted: laboratory/dermatopathologist rendering the diagnosis, whether IHC was performed, type/number of stains utilized, presence/depth of invasion, and melanoma subtype.

Society of Toxicologic Pathology Digital Pathology and Image Analysis Special Interest Group Article*: Opinion on the Application of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning to Digital Toxicologic Pathology.

Toxicologic pathology is transitioning from analog to digital methods. This transition seems inevitable due to a host of ongoing social and medical technological forces. Of these, artificial intelligence (AI) and in particular machine learning (ML) are globally disruptive, rapidly growing sectors of technology whose impact on the long-established field of histopathology is quickly being realized.

Psychometric measurement properties of the world health organization disability assessment schedule 2.0 (WHODAS) evaluated among veterans with mild traumatic brain injury and behavioral health conditions.

Purpose: Examine the psychometric properties of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 among U.S.

Loss of TP63 Promotes the Metastasis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Activating MAPK and STAT3 Signaling.

TP63 is frequently amplified or overexpressed in primary head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Nevertheless, the role of TP63 in the initiation and progression of HNSCCs is not known. Using archival HNSCC tissue sections, we found that TP63 expression is often downregulated in late-stage human HNSCCs.

The difficulty in interpreting gene expression profiling in BAP-negative melanocytic tumors.

Background: BAP-negative melanocytic tumors were unrecognized in the medical literature until 2011. While the clinical significance of these tumors is poorly understood, there is concern such lesions represent processes in transition, and malignant degeneration is a concern. We investigated use of a 23-gene expression profiling (23-GEP) test for distinction from melanoma with the aim of better characterizing the biologic potential of such tumors.

Diagnostic Accuracy of the Veteran Affairs' Traumatic Brain Injury Screen.

Objective: To comprehensively estimate the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Clinical Reminder Screen (TCRS).

Design: Cross-sectional, prospective, observational study using the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy criteria.

Setting: Three VA Polytrauma Network Sites.

Integrating Skin Cancer-Related Technologies into Clinical Practice.

Early diagnosis and treatment of melanoma improve survival. New technologies are emerging that may augment the diagnosis, assessment, and management of melanoma but penetrance into everyday practice is low. In the current health care climate, greater emphasis will be placed on the incorporation of technology for clinically suspicious pigmented lesions to facilitate better, more cost-effective management.

Detection of Genetic Aberrations in the Assessment and Prognosis of Melanoma.

The assessment of melanoma by light microscopy with hematoxylin-eosin staining remains an often subjective process. However, there are additional diagnostic measures that may be of utility, such as immunohistochemical staining and genetic evaluation. Adjunctive genetic assessment to augment the diagnosis of melanoma includes comparative genomic hybridization or fluorescent in situ hybridization to assess for gains or losses in genetic material, or gene expression profiling in some form, to ascertain the expression of genes associated with malignancy.

Fulminant Mycosis Fungoides with Tissue Eosinophilia: A Unique Presentation of Two Cases with Acro-Periorbital Ulceration and An Aggressive Clinical Course.

We describe two unique cases of fulminant mycosis fungoides with remarkably similar and aggressive clinical courses resulting in death. Both cases demonstrated ulcerated palmar and periorbital plaques and marked tissue eosinophilia, which was confirmed by T-cell receptor γ chain gene rearrangement studies to display identical monoclonality at temporally and anatomically distinct sites. Dense eosinophilic infiltrates on biopsy led to misdiagnosis of inflammatory dermatoses in both instances.

Algorithm for Symptom Attribution and Classification Following Possible Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To present a heuristic model of a symptom attribution and classification algorithm (SACA) for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Setting: VA Polytrauma sites.

Participants: 422 Veterans.

Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Rat and Mouse Skeletal Tissues (Bones, Joints, and Teeth).

The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) Project (www.toxpath.org/inhand.