A scoping review of simulation-based dental education.

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. In order to meet the needs of student learning within a competency-based pedagogy, it is necessary to understand the current philosophies and modalities being used in dental and oral health simulation-based education.

Preventing child sexual abuse: A systematic review of interventions and their efficacy in developing countries.

Background: Research on prevalence, risk factors, and prevention interventions for child sexual abuse has continued to focus on western and developed countries. Where country-level prevalence data or large-scale research exists, rates of child sexual abuse are consistently higher in developing and non-western countries than their western and developed counterparts.

Objective: We systematically reviewed research on the nature of child sexual abuse interventions in developing countries, the settings and populations included to identify types of child sexual abuse prevention initiatives being implemented in developing countries and their effectiveness.

Lessons learned from the Advancing Maternal Immunization collaboration: identifying evidence gaps for informed respiratory syncytial virus maternal immunization decision-making.

In an increasingly crowded vaccine landscape, global and country decision-makers will require evidence-based and disease-specific information when prioritizing new public health interventions. The Advancing Maternal Immunization collaboration (AMI) was designed to develop a cross-program strategy to advance respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) maternal immunization (MI) availability and accessibility in low- and middle-income countries by completing a comprehensive RSV MI gap analysis and developing an actionable roadmap report. By engaging and coordinating key stakeholders using a web-based communication platform and developing standardized tools, AMI was able to facilitate interaction and consensus between members.

Selective reduction of CO to acetaldehyde with CuAg electrocatalysts.

Electrochemical CO reduction can serve as a sequential step in the transformation of CO into multicarbon fuels and chemicals. In this study, we provide insights on how to steer selectivity for CO reduction almost exclusively toward a single multicarbon oxygenate by carefully controlling the catalyst composition and its surrounding reaction conditions. Under alkaline reaction conditions, we demonstrate that planar CuAg electrodes can reduce CO to acetaldehyde with over 50% Faradaic efficiency and over 90% selectivity on a carbon basis at a modest electrode potential of -0.

A Spin Coating Method To Deposit Iridium-Based Catalysts onto Silicon for Water Oxidation Photoanodes.

Silicon has shown promise for use as a small band gap (1.1 eV) absorber material in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, the limited stability of silicon in acidic electrolyte requires the use of protection strategies coupled with catalysts.

Understanding the Origin of Highly Selective CO Electroreduction to CO on Ni,N-doped Carbon Catalysts.

Ni,N-doped carbon catalysts have shown promising catalytic performance for CO electroreduction (CO R) to CO; this activity has often been attributed to the presence of nitrogen-coordinated, single Ni atom active sites. However, experimentally confirming Ni-N bonding and correlating CO reduction (CO R) activity to these species has remained a fundamental challenge. We synthesized polyacrylonitrile-derived Ni,N-doped carbon electrocatalysts (Ni-PACN) with a range of pyrolysis temperatures and Ni loadings and correlated their electrochemical activity with extensive physiochemical characterization to rigorously address the origin of activity in these materials.

Neural Tube Defects in Pregnancies Among Women With Diagnosed HIV Infection - 15 Jurisdictions, 2013-2017.

In May 2018, a study of birth defects in infants born to women with diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Botswana reported an eightfold increased risk for neural tube defects (NTDs) among births with periconceptional exposure to antiretroviral therapy (ART) that included the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir (DTG) compared with other ART regimens (1). The World Health Organization* (WHO) and the U.S.

Radiation-Induced Lipid Peroxidation Triggers Ferroptosis and Synergizes with Ferroptosis Inducers.

Although radiation is widely used to treat cancers, resistance mechanisms often develop and involve activation of DNA repair and inhibition of apoptosis. Therefore, compounds that sensitize cancer cells to radiation via alternative cell death pathways are valuable. We report here that ferroptosis, a form of nonapoptotic cell death driven by lipid peroxidation, is partly responsible for radiation-induced cancer cell death.

Pain Care in the Department of Veterans Affairs: Understanding How a Cultural Shift in Pain Care Impacts Provider Decisions and Collaboration.

Objective: Over the past decade, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has experienced a sizeable shift in its approach to pain. The VA's 2009 Pain Management Directive introduced the Stepped Care Model, which emphasizes an interdisciplinary approach to pain management involving pain referrals and management from primary to specialty care providers. Additionally, the Opioid Safety Initiative and 2017 VA/Department of Defense (DoD) clinical guidelines on opioid prescribing set a new standard for reducing opioid use in the VA.

Characterization of the pathogenesis and immune response to Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from a sustained national outbreak.

Listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular pathogen responsible for listeriosis, a foodborne disease that can lead to life-threatening meningitis. The 2011 L. monocytogenes cantaloupe outbreak was among the deadliest foodborne outbreaks in the United States.

An intrinsically disordered proteins community for ELIXIR.

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are now recognised as major determinants in cellular regulation. This white paper presents a roadmap for future e-infrastructure developments in the field of IDP research within the ELIXIR framework. The goal of these developments is to drive the creation of high-quality tools and resources to support the identification, analysis and functional characterisation of IDPs.

WormCat: An Online Tool for Annotation and Visualization of Genome-Scale Data.

The emergence of large gene expression datasets has revealed the need for improved tools to identify enriched gene categories and visualize enrichment patterns. While gene ontogeny (GO) provides a valuable tool for gene set enrichment analysis, it has several limitations. First, it is difficult to graph multiple GO analyses for comparison.

Internet-Based Pain Self-Management for Veterans: Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of the Pain EASE Program.

Objective: To develop and test the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a cognitive behavioral therapy-based, internet-delivered self-management program for chronic low back pain (cLBP) in veterans.

Methods: Phase I included program development, involving expert panel and participant feedback. Phase II was a single-arm feasibility and preliminary efficacy study of the Pain e-health for Activity, Skills, and Education (Pain EASE) program.

Nanoconfinement and Mass Transport in Silica Mesopores: the Role of Charge at the Single Molecule and Single Pore Levels.

Polarization-dependent single molecule tracking was employed to simultaneously probe the translational and orientational diffusion of four perylene diimide (PDI) dyes, having different lengths and charges, within the one-dimensional (1D) nanoscale pores of surfactant-templated mesoporous silica films. The wide-field fluorescence videos acquired reveal that a significant fraction of the molecules follow 1D pathways and exhibit highly polarized fluorescence, consistent with their orientational confinement. Single-frame step size distributions prepared from these data were fit to a new model that accurately describes the distribution for 1D Fickian diffusion in the presence of finite localization precision.

Effects of Eucalypt Plant Monoterpenes on Koala (Phascolarctos Cinereus) Cytokine Expression In Vitro.

Protective immunity is crucial for survival of any species, though the koala as a specialist feeder adapted to an exclusive diet of eucalypts that contain plant secondary metabolites of varying toxicity and of immunomodulatory property. Being constantly exposed to such dietary chemicals it raises the question of their immune effects in a specialist eucalypt feeder. This study demonstrates that natural levels of circulating eucalypt plant secondary metabolites have dose dependent in vitro effects on cytokine expression of koala peripheral blood mononuclear cells, suggesting a potential trade-off of reduced function in multiple arms of the immune system associated with koala's use of its specialized dietary niche.

Hemi-ablative low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy for unilateral localised prostate cancer.

Objectives: To report clinical outcomes of the Hemi-Ablative Prostate Brachytherapy (HAPpy) trial evaluating treatment-related toxicity and effectiveness of hemi-gland (HG) low-dose-rate (LDR) prostate brachytherapy as a focal approach to control unilateral localised prostate cancer.

Patients And Methods: Single institution phase IIS pilot study of patients treated with focal 4D Brachytherapy™ (BXTAccelyon, Burnham, Buckinghamshire, UK). The primary outcome was patient-reported toxicity 24 months after implant.

Reconstructing the workforce within public health protective systems: Improving resilience, retention, service responsiveness and outcomes.

Background: Unacceptably high staff turnover has plagued traditional approaches to child protection, seemingly forever. Around the globe, numerous studies, reports and inquiries have highlighted how statutory agencies, focusing on risk-oriented investigations of suspected maltreatment, experience significant issues with worker stress and its occupational and organisational consequences. Yet, promoting staff resilience within child protection agencies' workforces has proved to be quite elusive at a systems level.

The provision of central venous access, transfer of critically ill patients and advanced airway management.: Are advanced critical care practitioners safe and effective?

Advanced critical care practitioners are a new and growing component of the critical care multidisciplinary team in the United Kingdom. This audit considers the safety profile of advanced critical care practitioners in the provision of central venous catheterisation and transfer of ventilated critical care patients without direct supervision and supervised drug assisted intubation of critically ill patients. The audit showed that advanced critical care practitioners can perform central venous cannulation, transfer of critically ill ventilated patients and intubation with parity to published UK literature.

Safeguarding Capabilities in Preventing Child Sexual Abuse: Exploratory Factor Analysis of a Scale Measuring Safeguarding Capabilities in Youth-Serving Organizations Workers.

Media reports and government enquiries have shone a spotlight on institutional child sexual abuse (CSA) globally. With youth-serving organizations seeking to identify how to improve policies and procedures developed to protect children, a gap exists in research and organizational quality assurance procedures. A new tool is needed to measure the capability of workers to implement and support effective child-safeguarding policies and practices.

Ingestion and Absorption of Eucalypt Monoterpenes in the Specialist Feeder, the Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus).

The koala is a specialist feeder with a diet consisting almost exclusively of potentially toxic eucalypt leaves. Monoterpenes, an abundant class of plant secondary metabolites in eucalypts, are highly lipophilic. Chronic absorption and systemic exposure can be anticipated for the koala, causing health effects in various ways when consumed in high amounts, but particularly causing alterations in immune function in this species.

Altered immune parameters associated with Koala Retrovirus (KoRV) and Chlamydial infection in free ranging Victorian koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus).

Koala Retrovirus (KoRV) has been widely speculated to cause immune suppression in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) and to underlie the koala's susceptibility to infectious disease, however evidence for immunomodulation is limited. The aim of this study is to determine whether immunophenotypic changes are associated with KoRV infection in free ranging Victorian koalas. qPCR was used to examine mRNA expression for Th1 (IFNγ), Th2-promoting (IL6, IL10) and Th17 (IL17A) cytokines, along with CD4 and CD8 in whole blood of koalas (n = 74) from Mt Eccles and Raymond Island in Victoria, Australia, with and without natural chlamydial infection.

QuanTest2: benchmarking multiple sequence alignments using secondary structure prediction.

Motivation: Secondary structure prediction accuracy (SSPA) in the QuanTest benchmark can be used to measure accuracy of a multiple sequence alignment. SSPA correlates well with the sum-of-pairs score, if the results are averaged over many alignments but not on an alignment-by-alignment basis. This is due to a sub-optimal selection of reference and non-reference sequences in QuanTest.

Diffusion Behavior of Differently Charged Molecules in Self-Assembled Organic Nanotubes Studied Using Imaging Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy.

The diffusion behavior of fluorescent molecules within bolaamphiphile-based organic nanotubes (ONTs) was systematically investigated using imaging fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (imaging FCS). Anionic sulforhodamine B, zwitterionic/cationic rhodamine B, or cationic rhodamine 123 was loaded into ONTs having cylindrical hollow structures (ca. 10 nm in inner diameter) with amine and glucose groups on the inner and outer surfaces, respectively.

What would it take for renewably powered electrosynthesis to displace petrochemical processes?

Electrocatalytic transformation of carbon dioxide (CO) and water into chemical feedstocks offers the potential to reduce carbon emissions by shifting the chemical industry away from fossil fuel dependence. We provide a technoeconomic and carbon emission analysis of possible products, offering targets that would need to be met for economically compelling industrial implementation to be achieved. We also provide a comparison of the projected costs and CO emissions across electrocatalytic, biocatalytic, and fossil fuel-derived production of chemical feedstocks.

Guanidine Riboswitch-Regulated Efflux Transporters Protect Bacteria against Ionic Liquid Toxicity.

Plant cell walls contain a renewable, nearly limitless supply of sugar that could be used to support microbial production of commodity chemicals and biofuels. Imidazolium ionic liquid (IIL) solvents are among the best reagents for gaining access to the sugars in this otherwise recalcitrant biomass. However, the sugars from IIL-treated biomass are inevitably contaminated with residual IILs that inhibit growth in bacteria and yeast, blocking biochemical production by these organisms.