Deep learning-based cytoskeleton segmentation for accurate high-throughput measurement of cytoskeleton density.

Microscopic analyses of cytoskeleton organization are crucial for understanding various cellular activities, including cell proliferation and environmental responses in plants. Traditionally, assessments of cytoskeleton dynamics have been qualitative, relying on microscopy-assisted visual inspection. However, the transition to quantitative digital microscopy has introduced new technical challenges, with segmentation of cytoskeleton structures proving particularly demanding.

A case report: pitfalls in antibacterial therapy with rifampicin for mechanical valve endocarditis-the king of drug interactions.

Background: Rifampicin is a strong inducer of the hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) family and is known to interact with many clinical drugs. However, to our knowledge, no case of worsening heart failure (HF) due to the interaction between rifampicin and HF drugs has been reported.

Case Summary: A 32-year-old female, who had undergone intracardiac repair for an incomplete atrioventricular septal defect with dextrocardia and prosthetic valve replacements for right and left atrioventricular valve regurgitation, presented as an outpatient.

Deep-learning reconstruction enhances image quality of Adamkiewicz Artery in low-keV dual-energy CT.

Background: Low-keV virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) of dual-energy computed tomography (CT) enhances iodine contrast for detecting small arteries like the Adamkiewicz artery (AKA), but image noise can be problematic. Deep-learning image reconstruction (DLIR) effectively reduces noise without sacrificing image quality.

Purpose: To evaluate whether DLIR on low-keV VMIs of dual-energy CT scans improves the visualization of the AKA.

Machine Learning Accelerates Screening of Osteoclast Differentiation Inhibitors from Natural Products.

Natural products that inhibit osteoclast differentiation are promising therapeutic and preventive agents for osteoporosis. Conventionally, identifying osteoclast differentiation involves visual inspection of the microscope images of stained osteoclasts. In this study, a supervised machine learning model was developed to classify bright-field microscope images of osteoclasts without staining.

MR elastography vs a combination of common non-invasive tests for estimation of severe liver fibrosis in patients with hepatobiliary tumors.

Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy of combined imaging and blood test indices related to liver fibrosis (LF) compared to magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) for estimating severe LF (F3-4) in preoperative patients.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent MRE, gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced MRI, and dynamic CT before liver resection. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) using MRE, liver-to-spleen signal intensity ratio (LSR) using Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI, and spleen volume normalized to body surface area (SV/BSA) using CT volumetry were measured.

The PATROL1 function in roots contributes to the increase in shoot biomass.

PATOL1 contributes to increasing biomass not only by effective stomatal movement but also by root meristematic activity. PATROL1 (PROTON ATPase TRANSLOCATION CONTROL 1), a protein with a MUN domain, is involved in the intercellular trafficking of AHA1 H-ATPase to the plasma membrane in guard cells. This allows for larger stomatal opening and more efficient photosynthesis, leading to increased biomass.

HD-ZIP IV genes are essential for embryo initial cell polarization and the radial axis formation in Arabidopsis.

Plants develop along apical-basal and radial axes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the radial axis becomes evident when the cells of the 8-cell proembryo divide periclinally, forming inner and outer cell layers. Although changes in cell polarity or morphology likely precede this oriented cell division, the initial events and the factors regulating radial axis formation remain elusive.

At2-MMP Is Required for Attenuation of Cell Proliferation during Wound Healing in Incised Arabidopsis Inflorescence Stems.

Wound healing of partially incised Arabidopsis inflorescence stems constitutes cell proliferation that initiates mainly in pith tissues about 3 d after incision and the healing process that completes in about 7 d. Although the initiation mechanisms of cell proliferation have been well documented, the suppression mechanisms remain elusive. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases well known as proteolytic enzymes in animal system functioning in extracellular matrix remodeling during physiological and pathological processes, including tissue differentiation, growth, defense, wound healing and control of cancer growth.

Reliability and benefit of estimated continuous cardiac output measurement using shunt-side SpO monitor in hemodialysis.

Introduction: Estimated continuous cardiac output (esCCO) is a novel technology that enables non-invasive and continuous monitoring of cardiac output. We compared the concordance in accuracies among esCCO measurements in the shunt limb and non-shunt limb.

Methods: In this single-center prospective observational study, we include Japanese patients who underwent dialysis at our center between April 27, 2021, and February 28, 2023.

Clinical efficacy of TEVAR utilizing fenestrated stent-grafts for zone 0 in an elderly frail patient with giant aortic arch aneurysm.

Introduction And Importance: Elderly and frail patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) near to origins of cervical arteries present facing challenges with aortic arch replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass, and traditional tube-type stent-grafts are also inadequate for transcatheter endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Thus, necessitating precise treatment with fenestrated stent-grafts from zone 0. This approach is crucial for achieving favorable postoperative outcomes without compromising activities of daily living (ADL).

Super resolution deep learning reconstruction for coronary CT angiography: A structured phantom study.

Purpose: Super-resolution deep-learning-based reconstruction: SR-DLR is a newly developed and clinically available deep-learning-based image reconstruction method that can improve the spatial resolution of CT images. The image quality of the output from non-linear image reconstructions, such as DLR, is known to vary depending on the structure of the object being scanned, and a simple phantom cannot explicitly evaluate the clinical performance of SR-DLR. This study aims to accurately investigate the quality of the images reconstructed by SR-DLR by utilizing a structured phantom that simulates the human anatomy in coronary CT angiography.

Precocious cell differentiation occurs in proliferating cells in leaf primordia in Arabidopsis mutant.

During leaf development, the timing of transition from cell proliferation to expansion is an important factor in determining the final organ size. However, the regulatory system involved in this transition remains less understood. To get an insight into this system, we investigated the compensation phenomenon, in which the cell number decreases while the cell size increases in organs with determinate growth.

Neopetromin, a Cyclic Tripeptide with a C-N Cross-Link, from the Marine Sponge sp., That Causes Vacuole Fragmentation in Tobacco BY-2 Cells.

HPLC-MS analysis revealed the presence of an unreported peptide in the extract of the marine sponge sp. Its structure was determined as a tripeptide, named neopetromin (), composed of two tyrosine and one tryptophan residues with a heteroaromatic C-N cross-link between side chains. The absolute configuration of amino acids was determined using Marfey's method after ozonolysis and hydrolysis of .

Combined simultaneous endoscopic endonasal and transcranial surgery using high-definition three-dimensional exoscope for malignant tumors of the anterior skull base.

Background: Advanced surgical interventions are required to treat malignancies in the anterior skull base (ASB). This study investigates the utility of endoscopic endonasal and transcranial surgery (EETS) using a high-definition three-dimensional exoscope as an alternative to traditional microscopy.

Methods: Six patients with carcinomas of varying histopathologies underwent surgery employing the EETS maneuver, which synchronized three distinct surgical modalities: harvesting of the anterolateral thigh flap, initiation of the transnasal technique, and initiation of the transcranial procedure.

Amelioration of oxygen-induced retinopathy in neonatal mice with fetal growth restriction.

With the aim of optimizing the balance of maintaining a safe oxygen saturation and reducing the risk of retinopathy of prematurity in human neonates with fetal growth restriction (FGR), the present study investigated the distinct effects of oxygen supplementation on the retinal neovasculature using a murine premature neonatal oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model with or without fetal growth restriction. For comparison with normal birth-weight neonates, maternal low-protein diet-induced FGR neonates were subjected to fluctuating oxygen levels to generate oxygen-induced retinopathy. The retinal neovasculature was histologically evaluated, and comprehensive transcriptome analysis was conducted.

Nature of the Intracellular-contrast-enhancing Fat-saturated T1-weighted Gradient-echo (ICE-TIGRE) Sequence: A Fat-suppressed T1-weighted Technique with Motion-sensitised Driven-equilibrium for Improved Contrast Enhancement in Liver Imaging.

Gadoxetic acid is both an extracellular- and hepatocyte-specific contrast agent. Signals from the extracellular space may lower the contrast between lesions and the surrounding hepatic parenchyma. To improve hepatocyte-specific enhancement, we developed an intracellular contrast-enhancing fat-saturated T1-weighted gradient-echo nature of the sequence (ICE-TIGRE).

Functional AGXT2 SNP rs180749 variant and depressive symptoms: Baseline data from the Aidai Cohort Study in Japan.

No study has shown the relationship between alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and depressive symptoms. The present case-control study examined this relationship in Japanese adults. Cases and control participants were selected from those who participated in the baseline survey of the Aidai Cohort Study, which is an ongoing cohort study.