Inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines by homalolide A and homalomenol A isolated from rhizomes of .

Inflammation, a natural process of the innate immune system, involves elevated levels of various proinflammatory mediators, such as, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PGE), cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and enzymes including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of homalolide A () and homalomenol A (), two sesquiterpenoids isolated from the rhizome of , on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- stimulated macrophage cells. The results demonstrated that both and dose-dependently inhibited the production of PGE, TNF-α and IL-6 in RAW 264.

Aspidiatas C and D, two new spirostanol saponins from and their cytotoxic activities.

Aspidiatas C and D ( and ), two new spirostanol saponins, were isolated along with two known compounds, (25 )-spirost-5-en-3-yl -L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)--L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]--D-glucopyranoside (), (25 )-spirost-5-en-3-yl -L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)--L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)--D-glucopyranoside () from the whole plant of collected in Vietnam. The chemical structures were determined by HRESIMS, 1D- and 2D-NMR analysis, and comparison with published data. Compound exhibited potent cytotoxicity against MCF7, HepG2, SK-LU-1, and HT-29 human cancer cell lines with IC values ranging from 0.

A new spirostanol steroid and a new spirostanol steroidal saponin from and their cytotoxic activities.

A new spirostanol steroid, aspidiata A (), and a new spirostanol steroidal saponin, aspidiata B (), along with three known compounds, paris saponin VII (), daucosterol (), and (25)-spirostane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol (), were isolated from whole plants of collected in Vietnam. Their chemical structures were established by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with previously published data. Compound showed strong cytotoxicity against LU-1, Hep-G2, MCF-7, and KB human cancer cell lines with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) values ranging from 0.

Extraction of curcumin from turmeric residue ( L.) using deep eutectic solvents and surfactant solvents.

Using waste materials to extract biologically active ingredients with green solvents is a new trend for sustainable development. Herein, different types of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and surfactant solvents (SSs) were used to extract curcumin from turmeric residues (TRs), among which choline chloride-propylene glycol (ChCl-Pro) showed the highest yield. The optimized extraction conditions included a ChCl : Pro ratio of 1 : 2, water content in the DESs of 20%, solid : liquid ratio of 1 : 40 maintained for 60 min at 50 °C, and a TR particle size of 0.