Management of Small Testicular Masses: A Delphi Consensus Study.

Background And Objective: The majority of small testicular masses (STMs) are benign and therefore radical orchidectomy (RO) may represent overtreatment. In appropriately selected patients, surveillance or testis-sparing surgery (TSS) is an alternative option to preserve testicular function. Since there are no clear guidelines, we aimed to develop consensus recommendations on the management of STMs.

Penile cancer care in the Netherlands: increased incidence, centralisation, and improved survival.

Objective: To evaluate penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) incidence and centralisation trends in the Netherlands over the past three decades, as well as the effect of centralisation of PSCC care on survival.

Patients And Methods: In the Netherlands PSCC care is largely centralised in one national centre of expertise (Netherlands Cancer Institute [NCI], Amsterdam). For this study, the Netherlands Cancer Registry, an independent nationwide cancer registry, provided per-patient data on age, clinical and pathological tumour staging, follow-up, and vital status.

International case series of metastasis to penis.

Objectives: To evaluate clinical characteristics associated with survival in patients with metastases to the penis.

Methods: After approval by the IRB, records of collaborating centres in Leuven, London, Rostock, Amsterdam and Tampa were screened for men presenting with metastatic disease to penis. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify covariables associated with survival.

Corporal Skip Metastases in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Unknown and Distinct Pattern of Spread with Poor Prognosis.

Background: Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is characterised by stepwise lymphatic dissemination. Skip metastases (SkMs) are rare metastases in the corpus cavernosum or spongiosum without continuity to the primary tumour or its resection site.

Objective: To assess the distinct pattern of spread in SkM patients and the effect of SkM on prognosis.

A Prospective Study of Chemoradiotherapy as Primary Treatment in Patients With Locoregionally Advanced Penile Carcinoma.

Purpose: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery for locoregionally advanced penile carcinoma (LAPSCC) is associated with severe toxicity and a 1-year survival probability of ∼50%. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) as the primary treatment for LAPSCC and the association of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) with the outcome.

Methods And Materials: This was a prospective, single-center, single-arm study of CRT in LAPSCC, defined as a large/inoperable primary tumor, large palpable nodes, suspicion of extranodal extension or pelvic nodal involvement, and no distant metastases.

The role of fluorescent and hybrid tracers in radioguided surgery in urogenital malignancies.

The increasing availability of new imaging technologies and tracers has enhanced the application of nuclear molecular imaging in urogenital interventions. In this context, preoperative nuclear imaging and radioactivity-based intraoperative surgical guidance have become important tools for the identification and anatomical allocation of tumor lesions and/or suspected lymph nodes. Fluorescence guidance can provide visual identification of the preoperatively defined lesions during surgery.

Minimally invasive evaluation of the clinically negative inguinal node in penile cancer: Dynamic sentinel node biopsy.

The presence of lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor in penile cancer (PeCa). Due to limited sensitivity of currently available imaging modalities, invasive staging approaches remain indispensable for adequate nodal staging. As an alternative to radical inguinal lymphadenectomy and with the aim to reduce morbidity, staging strategies such as modified lymphadenectomy and dynamic sentinel node biopsy (DSNB) have been introduced.

Defining the Tumor Microenvironment of Penile Cancer by Means of the Cancer Immunogram.

Current chemotherapeutic treatment for advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma has substantial side effects and no randomized data to support an overall survival benefit. Immunotherapy with checkpoint blockade is currently being tested in penile cancer patients in clinical trials. The high PD-L1 expression and CD8 T-cell infiltration in penile cancer represent a promising prospect for immunotherapy response in the treatment of locally advanced disease.

Relationship between tissue perfusion and coagulopathy in traumatic brain injury.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related coagulopathy appears to be most prevalent in patients with tissue hypoperfusion, but evidence for this association is scarce. This study investigated the relationship between tissue perfusion and hemostatic derangements in TBI patients.

Materials And Methods: Coagulation parameters were measured on emergency department admission in patients with TBI (head abbreviated injury scale ≥ 3).