Utility of adding oesophageal to endobronchial endosonography when staging lung cancer: a randomised trial.

Introduction: Both combined endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS) and transoesophageal bronchoscopic ultrasonography (EUS-B) and EBUS alone have been recommended for preoperative mediastinal staging of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, no randomised study comparing these two methods has been published. The purpose of the present study was to compare the sensitivity of EBUS and that of combined EBUS and EUS-B (EBUS/EUS-B) in terms of detecting N2/N3 disease during staging of NSCLC.

Multitemporal monitoring of forest indicator species using UAV and machine learning image recognition.

In natural restoration, it is important to improve the efficiency of monitoring. Remote sensing using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms plays a major role in improving monitoring efficiency. UAV platforms are particularly suited for monitoring long-term, multitemporal changes.

A case of community-acquired Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive methicillin-resistant (MRSA) necrotizing pneumonia successfully treated with two anti-MRSA drugs.

A 22-year-old Vietnamese man was referred to our hospital owing to cough, dyspnea, and difficulty moving. The patient was diagnosed with community-acquired Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive methicillin-resistant (MRSA) bacteremia and necrotizing pneumonia. Treatment involved vancomycin (VCM) and meropenem, and the MRSA bacteremia improved.

Thin bronchoscopic cryobiopsy using a nasobronchial tube.

Background: Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy is useful when diagnosing lung lesions. However, prevention of associated bleeding complications is essential. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of our novel bronchoscopic cryobiopsy technique, which uses a long nasobronchial tube to prevent blood flooding the central airway.

Ultrathin bronchoscopic cryobiopsy of peripheral pulmonary lesions.

Background And Objective: Ultrathin bronchoscopy aids in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions. However, both the working channel and the specimens are small. A 1.

Changes in Pulmonary Function Test Results and Respiratory Symptoms before and after Airway Stent Removal.

Background: Airway stenting is a useful form of palliation for patients with airway stenosis/fistulas; the stent can be removed after addressing the cause of the airway disorder. Patients with airway stents often complain of coughing and difficulty with expectoration, so the use of such stents can negatively affect pulmonary function and worsen symptoms.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms before and after stent removal.

Assessment of habitat for disturbance-dependent species using light detection and ranging and multispectral sensors mounted on a UAV.

Recently, technological advances in UAV-mounted sensors, such as light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and multispectral sensors, have expanded the applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in ecosystem monitoring. LiDAR is suitable for analyzing the underlying microtopography of wetlands because it can produce a digital terrain model (DTM) with high spatial resolution. If a multispectral sensor that can also capture near-infrared wavelengths is used, it is possible to calculate the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which is related to the amount of vegetation present, and the normalized difference water index (NDWI), which is related to the dryness and wetness of the soil.

Safety and efficacy of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for patients aged 80 years and older.

Background: The safety and efficacy of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in patients aged 70 years and older has been established. However, few studies have evaluated the safety, usefulness, and significance of EBUS-TBNA in patients aged 80 years and older.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated patients aged 80 years and older who underwent EBUS-TBNA under local anesthesia.

The Role of Rigid Bronchoscopic Intervention for Bronchial Carcinoid.

Bronchial carcinoid is a rare malignant tumor that is categorized as a typical carcinoid or atypical carcinoid. Many institutions use flexible bronchoscopy for diagnosis. However, due to the hemorrhagic nature of the tumor, the amount of specimen obtained is often small, making it difficult to obtain an accurate diagnosis.

External fixation of airway stents for upper tracheal stenosis and tracheoesophageal fistula.

Objectives: Stent migration is a common complication of airway stent placement for upper tracheal stenosis and tracheoesophageal fistula. Although several researchers have reported that external fixation is effective in preventing stent migration, the usefulness and safety of external fixation have not been proved because their cohorts were small. We therefore investigated the efficacy and safety of external fixation during upper tracheal stenting.

Solvent-based paclitaxel or nab-paclitaxel for heavily treated relapsed/refractory small cell lung cancer: Retrospective single-institution observational study.

Treatment options for patients with relapsed/refractory small cell lung cancer (R/R SCLC) are limited, and the efficacy of salvage therapies for heavily treated patients should be assessed. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of paclitaxel (PTX) in R/R SCLC patients.A single-institute retrospective chart review was conducted.

Real-world evaluation of carboplatin plus a weekly dose of nab-paclitaxel for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with interstitial lung disease.

Background: The optimal chemotherapy regimen for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the real-world efficacy and safety of carboplatin (CBDCA) plus nab-paclitaxel (nab-PTX) as a first-line regimen for NSCLC patients with ILD.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed advanced NSCLC patients with ILD who had received CBDCA plus nab-PTX as a first-line chemotherapy regimen between April 2013 and March 2018.

A promising response to osimertinib in a patient with erlotinib-resistant lung adenocarcinoma with an uncommon EGFR mutation.

Most patients with non-small cell lung cancer with common epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations respond dramatically to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), but data are limited on the response of tumours with uncommon mutations. We present the case of a 68-year-old man with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma with an uncommon EGFR mutation in exon 21 (L861Q). The disease progressed 2 years after he started erlotinib (150 mg daily).

Nab-paclitaxel plus carboplatin as an effective and safe chemotherapy regimen for pulmonary carcinosarcoma with interstitial lung disease: A case report.

Carcinosarcoma is a rare histological type of non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC), and its prognosis has been reported to be worse compared with other NSCLCs. Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX) + carboplatin (CBDCA) achieves a favorable response rate in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We administered nab-PTX + CBDCA to a 68-year-old man with postoperative recurrent carcinosarcoma with interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Safety and efficacy of carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel for treating advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with interstitial lung disease.

There are few established treatments for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with interstitial lung disease (ILD). The safety and efficacy of albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) in combination with carboplatin is uncertain, although the combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel is the most common regimen for treating NSCLC patients with ILD. A total of 9 NSCLC patients with ILD, treated between April 2013 and March 2016, were retrospectively investigated.

Successful oral desensitization against skin rash induced by alectinib in a patient with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive lung adenocarcinoma: A case report.

Alectinib has been approved for the treatment of patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer. In terms of adverse effects, the occurrence of a severe skin rash induced by alectinib is reportedly rare, compared with the occurrence of skin rash induced by epithelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). In the present case report, a 76-year-old woman with ALK-positive lung adenocarcinoma experienced disease progression after undergoing first-line chemotherapy.

Endobronchial involvement of mantle cell lymphoma: A case report.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Most cases of MCL have extranodal involvement at the time of the initial diagnosis; however, endobronchial involvement is rare. An 87-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of dyspnea on exertion.

Smoking History as a Predictor of Pemetrexed Monotherapy in Patients with Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Pemetrexed monotherapy has come to be recognized as the standard of care for second-line therapy of non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thymidylate synthase (TS) expression is recognized as a potential predictor of the response to pemetrexed-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC. The purpose of this study was to identify useful predictors of the response to pemetrexed other than TS expression.

Successful chemotherapy with carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel for thymic large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: A case report.

Thymic large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNECs) are rare, and the optimal regimen for second and subsequent lines of chemotherapy for the treatment of LCNECs remains unknown. In the present case study, a 59-year-old male with post-operative recurrent thymic LCNEC was treated with nab-paclitaxel and carboplatin every 4 weeks as third-line chemotherapy, and a partial response was achieved following 4 cycles of this regimen. The patient developed grade 4 neutropenia and grade 3 leukopenia, but none of the other toxicities, including peripheral neuropathy, were severe.

Evaluation of gefitinib efficacy according to body surface area in patients with non-small cell lung cancer harboring an EGFR mutation.

Background: Exon 19 deletions and L858R point mutation are the most commonly encountered active epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and they predict greater efficacy of gefitinib therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether body surface area (BSA) affects the efficacy of gefitinib in patients with NSCLC harboring an active EGFR mutation.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of consecutive patients with advanced NSCLC harboring an active EGFR mutation who received gefitinib monotherapy.

Successful chemotherapy with nab-Paclitaxel in a heavily treated non-small cell lung cancer patient: a case report.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of all lung cancers. A 69-year-old female with postoperatively recurrent NSCLC was treated weekly with nanoparticle-albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) monotherapy every 4 weeks as a tenth line chemotherapy, and stable disease was achieved by seven cycles of this regimen. The patient developed grade 4 neutropenia and grade 3 leukopenia, but none of the other toxicities, including febrile neutropenia and peripheral neuropathy, were severe, and thus she was able to tolerate this salvage chemotherapy.