Gaze palsy and exotropia in internuclear ophthalmoplegia.

Background And Purpose: Unilateral gaze palsy associated with internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO), i.e., one-and-a-half syndrome, is well known.

Isolated unilateral oculomotor paresis in pure midbrain stroke.

Background And Purpose: Pure midbrain stroke can cause isolated unilateral oculomotor paresis. We attempted to determine whether there is a difference in the oculomotor paresis pattern between pure midbrain infarction and midbrain hemorrhage.

Methods: Pure midbrain stroke patients who presented with isolated unilateral oculomotor paresis were identified from a group of 2447 consecutive patients hospitalized for acute cerebral infarction or hemorrhage during the period May 2008 through April 2014.

Contribution of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors to amygdala activity in human.

Several animal studies have demonstrated functional roles of dopamine (DA) D1 and D2 receptors in amygdala activity. However, the contribution of DA D1 and D2 receptors to amygdala response induced by affective stimuli in human is unknown. To investigate the contribution of DA receptor subtypes to amygdala reactivity in human, we conducted a multimodal in vivo neuroimaging study in which DA D1 and D2 receptor bindings in the amygdala were measured with positron emission tomography (PET), and amygdala response induced by fearful faces was assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in healthy volunteers.

Role of left superior temporal gyrus during name recall process: an event-related fMRI study.

When we cannot recall the name of a well-known person despite preserved access to his/her semantic knowledge, a phonological hint such as his/her initials sometimes helps us to recall the name. This type of recall failure appeared to occur by the transmission deficit from the lexical-semantic stage to the lexical-phonological stage in name recall processes, and the phonological cue appeared to activate this transmission, which leads to successful recall. We hypothesized that the brain regions responsible for the transmission would respond to the phonological cue that facilitates name recall, and would also respond to successful recall.

Memory of music: roles of right hippocampus and left inferior frontal gyrus.

We investigated neural correlates of retrieval success for music memory using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. To minimize the interference from MRI scan noise, we used sparse temporal sampling technique. Newly composed music materials were employed as stimuli, which enabled us to detect regions in absence of effects of experience with the music stimuli in this study.

Temporal lobe activations of "feeling-of-knowing" induced by face-name associations.

"Feeling-of-Knowing" (FOK) refers to the sense of what one knows and is a component of the human metamemory system. We investigated the neural correlates of the FOK induced by face-name associations using the Recall-Judgment-Recognition paradigm. Data were gathered using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Neural correlates for feeling-of-knowing: an fMRI parametric analysis.

The "feeling-of-knowing" (FOK) is a subjective sense of knowing a word before recalling it, and the FOK provides us clues to understanding the mechanisms of human metamemory systems. We investigated neural correlates for the FOK based on the recall-judgment-recognition paradigm. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging with a parametric analysis was used.

Hemispheric asymmetry in human lateral prefrontal cortex during cognitive set shifting.

Functional organization of human cerebral hemispheres is asymmetrically specialized, most typically along a verbal/nonverbal axis. In this event-related functional MRI study, we report another example of the asymmetrical specialization. Set-shifting paradigms derived from the Wisconsin card sorting test were used, where subjects update one behavior to another on the basis of environmental feedback.