Page kidney in a child with ureteropelvic junction obstruction of lower moiety in a partial duplex system.

Reports of hydronephrosis-induced hypertension in pediatric patients are rare. A 7-year-old girl with hypertension was referred to our hospital with left hydronephrosis caused by ureteropelvic junction obstruction of the lower moiety in a partial duplex system. Because the lower moiety was almost nonfunctional, a laparoscopic heminephrectomy was performed.

Surgical management of prepubertal testicular tumors: A 30-year study in our institution.

Objectives: The 2021 European Association of Urology-European Society for Paediatric Urology guidelines on Pediatric Urology recommended testis-sparing surgery (TSS) as the primary approach to treat prepubertal testicular tumors exhibiting favorable preoperative ultrasound diagnoses. However, prepubertal testicular tumors are rare and clinical data regarding them is limited. Here, we analyzed the surgical management of prepubertal testicular tumors based on cases observed over approximately 30 years.

Transvesicoscopic ureteral reimplantation and ureteroscopy for management of primary obstructed non-refluxing megaureter with ureteral calculus.

Introduction: Primary obstructed non-refluxing megaureter, a type of congenitally dilated ureter, often resolves spontaneously. Surgery may be indicated in symptomatic cases; however, there are no reports of transvesicoscopic ureteral implantation and ureteroscopy for ureteral stones. Therefore, we describe the treatment of primary obstructed non-refluxing megaureter and ureteral calculi using this technique.

Long-term survival of a patient with refractory advanced adrenocortical carcinoma after combination chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin plus mitotane.

Introduction: The prognosis of patients with unresectable adrenocortical carcinoma is poor. Mitotane is the first-line treatment for this disease, and etoposide/doxorubicin/cisplatin/mitotane therapy is recommended as first-line chemotherapy in unresponsive cases. We present a case of long-term survival following combination chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin plus mitotane to manage mitotane-refractory advanced adrenocortical carcinoma.

A Novel Transvesicoscopic Ureteral Reimplantation Technique to Treat an Infantile Ectopic Ureter in a Single System.

An ectopic ureter is a significant urinary tract malformation often treated during early childhood and is surgically managed based on its condition. Generally, only extravesical ureteral reimplantation is available as a treatment option for an ectopic ureter with well-preserved renal function. This report describes a case of a 28-months-old girl with an ectopic ureter in a single system who experienced repeated febrile urinary tract infections, successfully treated using a transvesicoscopic ureteral reimplantation as a minimally invasive treatment.

Low Serum Inhibin B/Follicle-Stimulating Hormones and Anti-Müllerian Hormone/Follicle-Stimulating Hormones Ratios as Markers of Decreased Germ Cells in Infants with Bilateral Cryptorchidism.

Purpose: In cryptorchidism, germ cell development failure presents from infancy and may be reflected by altered hormonal levels produced by Sertoli cells. Our object was to assess for associations between serum hormone levels and testicular histopathology in cryptorchidism with an infertility risk according to the pretreatment undescended testicular positions.

Materials And Methods: Prepubertal cryptorchid boys aged 7-91 (median 20) months who underwent orchidopexy between 2014 and 2019 were included (122 unilateral [median 19 months {range 7-91}], 23 bilateral [24 months {11-81}]).

Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy for Pediatric Bladder Rhabdomyosarcoma.

The standard treatments for muscle-invasive bladder cancer with no metastasis are total cystectomy and urinary diversion. Although robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) was covered from April 2018 by the Japanese National Health Insurance system, and the number of RARC is increasing, there has been no pediatric case report on RARC in Japan. We report the case of a 6-year-old Japanese girl who was referred to our hospital with the chief complaint of a vulvar tumor protrusion during defecation.

Genetic and histopathological analysis of transverse testicular ectopia without persistent Müllerian duct syndrome: two case reports.

Background: Transverse testicular ectopia (TTE) is a rare anomaly in which both testes descend through a single inguinal canal into the same hemiscrotum. Although almost 20-50% of patients with TTE exhibit persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) and many genetic analyses have been performed, no reports have described the genes contributing to TTE without PMDS. Here, we report two cases of TTE without PMDS using immunohistochemical staining and genetic analysis.

Appropriate timing of performing abdominal ultrasonography and termination of follow-up observation for antenatal grade 1 or 2 hydronephrosis.

Background: Most cases of antenatal the Society of Fetal Urology (SFU) grade 1or 2 hydronephrosis (HN) improve or resolve spontaneously with conservative treatment. However, there is no consensus on the duration of follow-up for cases of grade 1or 2 HN. The aim of this study was to determine the need for continuous follow-up period and new management of children with antenatal grade 1or 2 HN.

Disorganization of claudin-11 and dysfunction of the blood-testis barrier during puberty in a cryptorchid rat model.

Background: Cryptorchidism is known to impair spermatogenesis. The blood-testis barrier (BTB) becomes defined in seminiferous tubules around puberty and provides a suitable environment for germ cells. Little is known about the BTB in undescended testes (UDT).

Detailed presurgical evaluation of a case of congenital bladder diverticulum.

Congenital bladder diverticulum is rare and is usually observed in male children. An 8-year-old Japanese boy was referred to a hospital with fever and gross hematuria and was treated with a course of antibiotics. Because the dilatation of the ureter was suspected by abdominal ultrasonographic examination, he was referred to our hospital.

Can lichen sclerosus be diagnosed by preputial appearance or symptoms?

Introduction: Lichen sclerosus (LS), or balanitis xerotica obliterans, is a chronic, inflammatory disease accompanied by cicatrizing skin conditions resulting in pathologic phimosis. LS can be detected clinically by the whitish appearance of the glans or the foreskin, thickened, nonretractable foreskin, dysuria, and spraying. However, diagnosis is confirmed histopathologically.

Involvement of the bone morphogenic protein/SMAD signaling pathway in the etiology of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract accompanied by cryptorchidism.

Background: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), such as renal dysplasia, hydronephrosis, or vesicoureteral reflux, are the most common causes of end-stage renal disease. However, the genetic etiology of CAKUT remains unclear. In this study, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) to elucidate the genetic etiology of symptomatic CAKUT and CAKUT accompanied by cryptorchidism.

A Rare Case of Epididymal Abscess in an Infant Treated Successfully with Needle Aspiration.

A 5-month-old boy presented with right scrotal swelling. Color Doppler ultrasonography showed an encapsulated hypoechoic lesion with surrounding hyperemia in the right tail of the epididymis. We performed surgical exploration of the scrotum because it was not considered to be a typical epididymitis.

Adrenal Neuroblastoma in an Adult: Effect of Radiotherapy on Local Progression after Surgical Removal.

Here, we report the case of a 62-year-old man with neuroblastoma, which is extremely rare in adults. His tumor was resected, but it recurred four months later. Radiotherapy reduced tumor size, and the patient remained in good health three years after surgical tumor removal.

Robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction: comparison between pediatric and adult patients-Japanese series.

Robotic-assisted procedures are gaining traction as a viable form of minimally invasive surgery in the field of reconstructive surgery. In this article, the aim is to present our initial experience and clinical outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RAL-P). We performed RAL-P in 22 patients for the management of ureteropelvic junction obstruction between December 2012 and August 2015.

Genome-Wide Gene Expression Profiling of Randall's Plaques in Calcium Oxalate Stone Formers.

Randall plaques (RPs) can contribute to the formation of idiopathic calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones; however, genes related to RP formation have not been identified. We previously reported the potential therapeutic role of osteopontin (OPN) and macrophages in CaOx kidney stone formation, discovered using genome-recombined mice and genome-wide analyses. Here, to characterize the genetic pathogenesis of RPs, we used microarrays and immunohistology to compare gene expression among renal papillary RP and non-RP tissues of 23 CaOx stone formers (SFs) (age- and sex-matched) and normal papillary tissue of seven controls.

Hemiscrotal agenesis: Pathogenesis and management strategies.

Hemiscrotal agenesis is among the rarest anomalies in scrotal development disorders. As it has only been reported in three cases, the clinical manifestations remain unclear. We report a case of hemiscrotal agenesis with ipsilateral cryptorchidism.

Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney distinguished from synovial sarcoma using genetic analysis: a case report.

Background: The most common pediatric renal neoplasm is Wilms tumor, but clear cell sarcoma of the kidney or synovial sarcoma of the kidney are also sometimes encountered. Accurate pathological diagnosis is important, because adjuvant therapies including chemotherapy and radiotherapy differ according to the pathological type.

Case Presentation: A 9-year-old boy presented with a headache, and ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a heterogeneous enhancement of soft tissue originating from the upper pole of the left kidney, measuring approximately 11.

Accessory Scrotum With Perineal Lipoma: Pathologic Evaluation Including Androgen Receptor Expression.

Accessory scrotum is an unusual developmental anomaly defined as additional scrotal tissue in addition to a normally developed scrotum. The accessory scrotum arises posterior to the normally located scrotum and does not contain a testis. We report a case of an 18-month-old boy with an accessory scrotum attached to a perineal lipoma.

Extravesical robot-assisted laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation for vesicoureteral reflux: initial experience in Japan with the ureteral advancement technique.

Objectives: To report our initial experience with robot-assisted laparoscopic extravesical ureteral reimplantation using the ureteral advancement technique.

Methods: A total of 15 ureters from nine patients (age range 2-25 years) underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic extravesical ureteral reimplantation for the management of vesicoureteral reflux. The reflux was classified as grade I in one ureter, grade II in two ureters, grade III in seven ureters, grade IV in three ureters and grade V in two ureters.

Distinctive changes in histone H3K4 modification mediated via Kdm5a expression in spermatogonial stem cells of cryptorchid testes.

Purpose: Gonocytes differentiate into spermatogonial stem cells, which make it possible to maintain spermatogenesis continuously throughout life. We previously reported attenuated spermatogonial stem cell activity in cryptorchid testes, which resulted in altered spermatogenesis and affected fertility. However, few groups have examined the differentiation process from gonocytes to spermatogonial stem cells.