Deterioration of the Defecation Status after Hospitalization in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes is Associated with Albuminuria Rather than Diabetic Neuropathy.

Objective To determine the clinical background factors of patients with type 2 diabetes who showed deterioration of defecation status after hospitalization. Methods The defecation status of 128 patients with type 2 diabetes who were admitted to our department for diabetes education was evaluated for 7 days after hospitalization. New-onset constipation was diagnosed when patients without constipation before hospitalization met the criteria for constipation after hospitalization.

Effect of Baseline Values of Renal Prognosis-related Factors on Their Changes after Initiating Tofogliflozin Treatment: A Retrospective Study in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Renal Impairment.

Introduction: This study investigated the relationships between changes in renal prognosis-related factors after initiating tofogliflozin and the corresponding baseline values in clinical practice in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We investigated the relationships between changes in hematocrit, hemoglobin, systolic blood pressure (sBP), urinary protein excretion (uPE), serum uric acid (sUA), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 12 months after initiating tofogliflozin (20 mg) and their corresponding baseline values in 130 patients with type 2 diabetes. The subjects were divided into two groups: normal (≥60 mL/min/1.

A Case of Diabetic Chorea Secondary to Appetite Loss Due to COVID-19 Vaccination.

A 76-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus was admitted to our hospital with a complaint of involuntary movements of the limbs and face. Brain MRI demonstrated a bilateral high signal of putamen on the T1 weighted image, and she was diagnosed with diabetic chorea. She took a second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine 28 days before admission and lost her appetite.

Anemia combined with albuminuria increases the risk of cardiovascular and renal events, regardless of a reduced glomerular filtration rate, in patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective observational study.

Aim: The incidence of cardiovascular and renal events was investigated in patients with type 2 diabetes who were classified according to anemia and the components of dialysis-independent chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a prospective observational study.

Methods: A population of 778 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes was prospectively analyzed for 4 years. The outcomes were the incidence of cardiovascular events and renal events.

Relationship Between the Effect of Roxadustat and Comorbid Diabetes in Non-dialyzed Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Introduction The dose of roxadustat, a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) inhibitor, required to treat anemia, the hemoglobin level and the rate of hemoglobin target achievement were retrospectively investigated in non-dialyzed chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with and without type 2 diabetes. Methods As the full analysis set, 25 subjects (10 with diabetes and 15 without diabetes) were observed over six months among 44 non-dialyzed CKD patients who received roxadustat. The target hemoglobin level was set at 110-130 g/L.

Constipation Is a Frequent Problem Associated with Vascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-sectional Study.

Objective Diabetes is recognized as an underlying disease of constipation. However, the prevalence of constipation varies according to the diagnostic criteria applied. We investigated the prevalence of constipation based on the new guideline for constipation in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and examined the relationship with the clinical background, including diabetic vascular complications.

[Clinical study of sigmoid volvulus at eleven core hospitals in the Kagawa Prefecture].

We analyzed the clinical features of 157 patients admitted to 11 institutions in the Kagawa Prefecture for volvulus of the sigmoid colon. The following were the background information of the patients:median age, 79.0 years;male-to-female ratio, 102:55;median body mass index, 20.

Different renoprotective effects of luseogliflozin depend on the renal function at the baseline in patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective study during 12 months before and after initiation.

Aims: The safety and efficacy, particularly, the factors associated with the renal prognosis, were assessed over 12 months after the initiation of luseogliflozin therapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment.

Methods: In total, 238 patients treated with luseogliflozin (2.5 mg, once daily) were studied as the safety analysis set.

Neural basis for inferring false beliefs and social emotions in others among individuals with schizophrenia and those at ultra-high risk for psychosis.

Inferring beliefs and social emotions of others has different neural substrates and possibly different roles in the pathophysiology of different clinical phases of schizophrenia. The current study investigated the neural basis for inferring others' beliefs and social emotions, as individual concepts, in 17 subjects at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR), 16 patients with schizophrenia and 20 healthy controls. Brain activity significantly differed from normal in both the left superior temporal sulcus (STS) and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in the schizophrenia group while inferring others' beliefs, whereas those of UHR group were in the middle of those in the schizophrenia and healthy-control groups.

Oxytocin improves behavioural and neural deficits in inferring others' social emotions in autism.

Recent studies have suggested oxytocin's therapeutic effects on deficits in social communication and interaction in autism spectrum disorder through improvement of emotion recognition with direct emotional cues, such as facial expression and voice prosody. Although difficulty in understanding of others' social emotions and beliefs under conditions without direct emotional cues also plays an important role in autism spectrum disorder, no study has examined the potential effect of oxytocin on this difficulty. Here, we sequentially conducted both a case-control study and a clinical trial to investigate the potential effects of oxytocin on this difficulty at behavioural and neural levels measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging during a psychological task.

An fMRI study of visual lexical decision in patients with schizophrenia and clinical high-risk individuals.

Disturbances in semantic and phonological aspects of language processing are indicated in patients with schizophrenia, and in high-risk individuals for schizophrenia. To uncover neural correlates of the disturbances, a previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study using a visual lexical decision task in block design reported less leftward lateralization in the inferior frontal cortices, in patients with schizophrenia and individuals with high genetic risk for psychosis compared with normal control subjects. However, to our knowledge, no previous study has investigated contrasts between word and non-word processing that allow dissociation between semantic and phonological processing using event-related design visual lexical decision fMRI tasks in subjects with ultra-high-risk for psychosis (UHR) and patients with schizophrenia.

Altered metabolites in the plasma of autism spectrum disorder: a capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectroscopy study.

Clinical diagnosis and severity of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are determined by trained clinicians based on clinical evaluations of observed behaviors. As such, this approach is inevitably dependent on the expertise and subjective assessment of those administering the clinical evaluations. There is a need to identify objective biological markers associated with diagnosis or clinical severity of the disorder.

Network structure underlying resolution of conflicting non-verbal and verbal social information.

Social judgments often require resolution of incongruity in communication contents. Although previous studies revealed that such conflict resolution recruits brain regions including the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and posterior inferior frontal gyrus (pIFG), functional relationships and networks among these regions remain unclear. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we investigated the functional dissociation and networks by measuring human brain activity during resolving incongruity between verbal and non-verbal emotional contents.

Diminished medial prefrontal activity behind autistic social judgments of incongruent information.

Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) tend to make inadequate social judgments, particularly when the nonverbal and verbal emotional expressions of other people are incongruent. Although previous behavioral studies have suggested that ASD individuals have difficulty in using nonverbal cues when presented with incongruent verbal-nonverbal information, the neural mechanisms underlying this symptom of ASD remain unclear. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we compared brain activity in 15 non-medicated adult males with high-functioning ASD to that of 17 age-, parental-background-, socioeconomic-, and intelligence-quotient-matched typically-developed (TD) male participants.

Localized gray matter volume reductions in the pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis and first episode for schizophrenia.

Recent studies have suggested an important role for Broca's region and its right hemisphere counterpart in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, owing to its roles in language and interpersonal information processing. Broca's region consists of the pars opercularis (PO) and the pars triangularis (PT). Neuroimaging studies have suggested that they have differential functional roles in healthy individuals and contribute differentially to the pathogenesis of schizophrenic symptoms.

Comparison of postoperative complications after endoscopic submucosal dissection: differences of insufflations and anesthesias.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has enabled the collective resection and increased the accuracy of pathological diagnosis. However, ESD requires a long operation time, which results in increased doses of analgesics/sedatives, and causes worsening of respiratory and hemodynamic statuses. To reduce postoperative complications, we have applied ESD with CO(2) insufflation and general anesthesia.

Reduced amygdala and hippocampal volumes in patients with methamphetamine psychosis.

The similarity between psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia such as hallucinations and delusions and those caused by administration of methamphetamine has been accepted. While the etiology of schizophrenia remains unclear, methamphetamine induced psychosis, which is obviously occurred by methamphetamine administration, had been widely considered as a human pharmaceutical model of exogenous psychosis. Although volume reductions in medial temporal lobe structure in patients with schizophrenia have repeatedly been reported, those in patients with methamphetamine psychosis have not yet been clarified.

New technique for safer endoscopic submucosal dissection using the duodenal balloon occlusion method.

Background And Aim: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) enables complete, collective removal of gastrointestinal (GI) malignant tumors, but requires a long operation time. Air insufflated during ESD is distributed throughout the entire GI tract, and thus causes an enlarged feeling of the abdomen. We aimed to reduce the incidence of an enlarged feeling of the abdomen by wedging a balloon in the bulbus duodeni to reduce air flow into the lower parts of the GI tract.