Improving E. coli organic solvent tolerance by 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid.

Improving the organic solvent tolerance of bacteria is beneficial for the bioproduction of various valuable chemicals. In this study, we found that 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (DHNA), known as a prebiotic, increased organic solvent tolerance in Escherichia coli. The AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux pump contributes to the intrinsic organic solvent tolerance of E.

Local and systemic expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in comparison with that of cyclooxygenase-2 in rat carrageenin-induced pleurisy.

Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is up-regulated in response to inflammatory stimuli. To evaluate the extent to which local pleural inflammation involves additional site in the pleural cavity and elsewhere, we investigated the time course of the levels of iNOS and its product in the inflammatory and other sites, and compared those with a level of COX-2 in rat carrageenin-induced pleurisy. The exudate and plasma NOx levels rose, reaching peaks at 9 and 14 h, respectively.

Concurrent evolution and resolution in an acute inflammatory model of rat carrageenin-induced pleurisy.

Granulocyte apoptosis and subsequent clearance by phagocytes are critical for the resolution of inflammation. However, no studies have addressed how the resolution proceeds in the inflammatory site. We studied the time course of neutrophil apoptosis and the following ingestion by mononuclear leukocytes in rat carrageenin-induced pleurisy, detecting DNA fragmentation by the deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method, by acridine orange staining, and from the DNA ladder pattern on electrophoresis.