Real-world treatment patterns and outcomes of patients with unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma receiving systemic therapy in Japan.

Background: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has traditionally been the standard treatment for unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). Recently, the longstanding paradigm has changed with the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates, such as pembrolizumab and enfortumab vedotin (EV). This longitudinal descriptive study aimed to identify real-world treatment patterns and assess the outcomes of patients with mUC between 2010 and 2023.

Glucocorticoid treatment and clinical outcomes in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica: A cohort study using routinely collected health data.

Objective: We aimed to describe the following in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR): (1) real-world glucocorticoid (GC) therapy, (2) improvement in inflammatory parameters associated with disease activity (C-reactive protein [CRP] level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]), and (3) incidence of GC-related adverse events (AEs).

Methods: A cohort study was conducted using a Japanese electronic medical records database. We included newly diagnosed PMR patients aged≥50years with baseline CRP levels≥10mg/L and/or ESR>30mm/h and an initial GC dose of≥5mg/day.

Anemia Treatment, Hemoglobin Variability, and Clinical Events in Patients With Nondialysis-Dependent CKD in Japan.

Key Points: This large, contemporary study reports the management of anemia in a real-world cohort of patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD from multifaceted aspects. This study highlights the suboptimal and heterogeneous treatment of anemia in clinical practice. The findings also underscore the importance of maintaining a stable hemoglobin concentration within the target range to reduce the risk of mortality and morbidity.

Phototropin-dependent weak and strong light responses in the determination of branch position in the moss Physcomitrella patens.

Branch position in the moss Physcomitrella patens is regulated by blue light. In this study, fluence rate dependency of branch position determination was investigated by partial cell irradiation with a microbeam. With a 30 Wm(-2) or lower fluence rate, branches formed at the microbeam area, but formed outside the microbeam when the fluence rate was raised to > or = 200 Wm(-2).

Functional analyses of the Physcomitrella patens phytochromes in regulating chloroplast avoidance movement.

Red light-induced chloroplast movement in Physcomitrella patens (Pp) is mediated by dichroic phytochrome in the cytoplasm. To analyze the molecular function of the photoreceptor in the cytoplasm, we developed a protoplast system in which chloroplast photomovement was exclusively dependent on the expression of phytochrome cDNA constructs introduced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) transformation. YFP was fused to the phytochrome constructs and their expression was detected by fluorescence.

Four distinct photoreceptors contribute to light-induced side branch formation in the moss Physcomitrella patens.

Side branch formation in the moss, Physcomitrella patens, has been shown to be light dependent with cryptochrome 1a and 1b (Ppcry1a and Ppcry1b), being the blue light receptors for this response (Imaizumi et al. in Plant Cell 14:373, 2002). In this study, detailed photobiological analyses were performed, which revealed that this response involves multiple photoreceptors including cryptochromes.