Topological radiogenomics based on persistent lifetime images for identification of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation in patients with non-small cell lung tumors.

We hypothesized that persistent lifetime (PLT) images could represent tumor imaging traits, locations, and persistent contrasts of topological components (connected and hole components) corresponding to gene mutations such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant signs. We aimed to develop a topological radiogenomic approach using PLT images to identify EGFR mutation-positive patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The PLT image was newly proposed to visualize the locations and persistent contrasts of the topological components for a sequence of binary images with consecutive thresholding of an original computed tomography (CT) image.

Update of prognosis and characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a real-world setting: a 5-year follow-up analysis of a multi-institutional registry.

Background: We conducted a prospective observational study to elucidate the long-term prognosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in clinical practice in Japan in the mid-2010s.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 29 facilities. Data from 427 patients clinically diagnosed with COPD, enrolled between September 2013 and April 2016, were analyzed.

Diagnostic accuracy and added value of dynamic chest radiography in detecting pulmonary embolism: A retrospective study.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of dynamic chest radiography (DCR) and investigate its added value to chest radiography (CR) in detecting pulmonary embolism (PE).

Methods: Of 775 patients who underwent CR and DCR in our hospital between June 2020 and August 2022, individuals who also underwent contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) of the chest within 72 h were included in this study. PE or non-PE diagnosis was confirmed by CECT and the subsequent clinical course.

Right Ventricular Strain With 4-Dimensional Computed Tomography Identifies Pulmonary Hypertension in Adults With Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot.

Background: This study evaluated right ventricular (RV) volume, strain, and morphology using cardiac 4-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) to detect pulmonary hypertension (PH) in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) scheduled for transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation (TPVI).

Methods And Results: Using cardiac 4D-CT data, we calculated RV strain in 3 different geometries and RV outflow tract (RVOT) mass in 42 patients with repaired TOF. We compared RV strain and RVOT mass between patients with and without PH.

Survival and acute exacerbation for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) or non-IPF idiopathic interstitial pneumonias: 5-year follow-up analysis of a prospective multi-institutional patient registry.

Objective: Few prospective cohort studies with relatively large numbers of patients with non-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (non-IPF) of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) have been described. We aimed to assess disease progression and cause of death for patients with non-IPF IIPs or IPF under real-life conditions.

Methods: Data were analysed for a prospective multi-institutional cohort of 528 IIP patients enrolled in Japan between September 2013 and April 2016.

Dynamic chest radiography for pulmonary vascular diseases: clinical applications and correlation with other imaging modalities.

Dynamic chest radiography (DCR) is a novel functional radiographic imaging technique that can be used to visualize pulmonary perfusion without using contrast media. Although it has many advantages and clinical utility, most radiologists are unfamiliar with this technique because of its novelty. This review aims to (1) explain the basic principles of lung perfusion assessment using DCR, (2) discuss the advantages of DCR over other imaging modalities, and (3) review multiple specific clinical applications of DCR for pulmonary vascular diseases and compare them with other imaging modalities.

The Feasibility of Deep Learning-Based Reconstruction for Low-Tube-Voltage CT Angiography for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of deep learning reconstruction (DLR) on low-tube-voltage computed tomographic angiography (CTA) for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Methods: We enrolled 30 patients who underwent TAVI-CT on a 320-row CT scanner. Electrocardiogram-gated coronary CTA (CCTA) was performed at 100 kV, followed by nongated aortoiliac CTA at 80 kV using a single bolus of contrast material.

Deep learning model fusion improves lung tumor segmentation accuracy across variable training-to-test dataset ratios.

This study aimed to investigate the robustness of a deep learning (DL) fusion model for low training-to-test ratio (TTR) datasets in the segmentation of gross tumor volumes (GTVs) in three-dimensional planning computed tomography (CT) images for lung cancer stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). A total of 192 patients with lung cancer (solid tumor, 118; part-solid tumor, 53; ground-glass opacity, 21) who underwent SBRT were included in this study. Regions of interest in the GTVs were cropped based on GTV centroids from planning CT images.

Computational fluid-particle dynamics modeling of ultrafine to coarse particles deposition in the human respiratory system, down to the terminal bronchiole.

Background And Objectives: Suspended respirable airborne particles are associated with human health risks and especially particles within the range of ultrafine (< 0.1 μm) or fine (< 2.5 μm) have a high possibility of penetrating the lung region, which is concerned to be closely related to the bronchial or alveoli tissue dosimetry.

Amide proton transfer (APT) imaging of breast cancers and its correlation with biological status.

Purpose: To assess the usefulness of amide proton transfer (APT) imaging to predict the biological status of breast cancers.

Method: Sixty-six patients (age range 31-85 years, mean 58.9 years) with histopathologically proven invasive ductal carcinomas of 2 cm or larger in diameter were included in this study.

Virtual monochromatic spectral CT imaging in preoperative evaluations for intraductal spread of breast cancer: comparison with conventional CT and MRI.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of virtual monochromatic spectral computed tomography imaging (VMI) in the preoperative evaluation for intraductal spread of breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-four women who underwent spectral CT and were pathologically diagnosed with ductal carcinoma with a ≥ 2-cm noninvasive component were retrospectively enrolled in Group 1. Twenty-two women with 22 lesions pathologically diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ or microinvasive carcinoma were enrolled in Group 2.

Grading of gliomas using 3D CEST imaging with compressed sensing and sensitivity encoding.

Purpose: We evaluated the usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging with compressed sensing and sensitivity encoding (CS-SENSE) for differentiating low-grade gliomas (LGGs) from high-grade gliomas (HGGs).

Methods: We evaluated 28 patients (mean age 51.0 ± 13.

Efficacy of Dynamic Chest Radiography for Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension.

Background While current guidelines require lung ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scanning as the first step to diagnose chronic pulmonary embolism in pulmonary hypertension (PH), its use may be limited by low availability and/or exposure to ionizing radiation. Purpose To compare the performance of dynamic chest radiography (DCR) and lung V/Q scanning for detection of chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH). Materials and Methods Patients with PH who underwent DCR and V/Q scanning in the supine position from December 2019 to July 2021 were retrospectively screened.

A novel algorithm for comprehensive quality assessment of clinical magnetic resonance images based on natural scene statistics in spatial domain.

Background: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-specific objective image quality assessment (IQA) algorithm, the quality evaluation using multidirectional filters for MRI (QEMDIM), was previously reported. QEMDIM requires a set of reference images to calculate the quality score (S) for an assessed image. S may be affected by the quality of the reference set owing to the calculation procedure.

Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) of the major salivary glands: an assessment of the optimal number and combination of -values.

Purpose: To examine the optimal number and combination of -values in intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusionweighted imaging (DWI) of the major salivary glands.

Material And Methods: IVIM-DWI was performed on 10 healthy volunteers using 13 -values (low -values: 0-100 s/mm; high -values: 200-1000 s/mm). The IVIM parameters and apparent diffusion coefficient of the bilateral major salivary glands were calculated using 13 -values and were considered the standard values.

Three-dimensional chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging using compressed SENSE for full z-spectrum acquisition.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging with a compressed sensing (CS) and sensitivity encoding (SENSE) technique (CS-SENSE) for full z-spectrum acquisition.

Methods: All images were acquired on 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. In the phantom study, we used the acidoCEST imaging.

Influence of monitor display resolution and displayed image size on the spatial resolution of ultra-high-resolution CT images: a phantom study.

To determine the optimal display conditions for ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (UHRCT) images in clinical practice, this study investigated the effects of liquid-crystal display (LCD) resolution and displayed image size on the spatial resolution of phantom images acquired using a UHRCT system. A phantom designed to evaluate the high-contrast resolution was scanned. The scan data were reconstructed into four types of UHRCT image series consisting of the following possible combinations: two types of reconstruction kernels on the filtered back-projection method (for the lung and mediastinum) and two types of matrix sizes (1024 and 2048).

Importance of the heart rate in ultra-high-resolution coronary CT angiography with 0.35 s gantry rotation time.

Purpose: We investigated the effects of the heart rate (HR) on the motion artifact in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) with ultra-high-resolution-CT (U-HRCT), and we clarified the upper limit of optimal HR in CCTA with U-HRCT in a comparison with conventional-resolution-CT (CRCT) on a cardiac phantom and in patients with CCTA.

Materials And Methods: A pulsating cardiac phantom equipped with coronary models was scanned at static and HR simulations of 40-90 beats/min (bpm) at 10-bpm intervals using U-HRCT and CRCT, respectively. The sharpness and lumen diameter of the coronary model were quantitatively compared between U-HRCT and CRCT stratified by HR in the phantom study.

High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the triangular fibrocartilage complex using compressed sensing sensitivity encoding (SENSE).

Purpose: To evaluate the optimal sequence for high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) using compressed sensing-sensitivity encoding (CS-SENSE).

Methods: Three-dimensional fast field echo T2-weighted images were obtained from 13 healthy volunteers using the original, high spatial resolution sequence with CS-SENSE [HR (CS-SENSE)] and without CS-SENSE (HR) and super-high spatial resolution sequence with CS-SENSE [S-HR (CS-SENSE)] and without CS-SENSE (S-HR). For qualitative analysis, the number of patients affected by motion artifacts in each sequence was counted, and the visualization of the TFCC anatomic structures and overall image quality were categorized.

Deep-learning reconstruction for ultra-low-dose lung CT: Volumetric measurement accuracy and reproducibility of artificial ground-glass nodules in a phantom study.

Objectives: The lung nodule volume determined by CT is used for nodule diagnoses and monitoring tumor responses to therapy. Increased image noise on low-dose CT degrades the measurement accuracy of the lung nodule volume. We compared the volumetric accuracy among deep-learning reconstruction (DLR), model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR), and hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR) at an ultra-low-dose setting.

Evaluation of MR imaging findings differentiating parotid basal cell adenomas from other parotid tumors.

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to differentiate basal cell adenomas (BCAs) from other parotid tumors.

Method: A total of 136 patients with histologically proven parotid gland tumors (13 BCAs, 66 pleomorphic adenomas [PAs], 30 Warthin tumors [WTs], and 27 parotid cancers [PCs]) who underwent a cervical MRI study between December 2011 and March 2019 were retrospectively enrolled. The MRI findings of the tumors were evaluated by two board-certified radiologists.

Unchanged right ventricular strain in repaired tetralogy of Fallot after pulmonary valve replacement with radial long-axis cine magnetic resonance images.

We measured right ventricular (RV) strain by applying a novel postprocessing technique to conventional short-axis cine magnetic resonance imaging in the repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and investigated whether pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) changes the RV strain. Twenty-four patients with repaired TOF who underwent PVR and 16 healthy controls were enrolled. Global maximum and minimum principal strains (GPS, GPS) and global circumferential and longitudinal strains (GCS, GLS) were measured from short-axis cine images reconstructed radially along the long axis.

Effects of gadobutrol on background parenchymal enhancement and differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lesions in dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of the breast.

Background: The high concentration of gadolinium in gadobutrol, which is widely used in Japan, helps visualize signal enhancement of neoplastic lesions, however, there was concern that high T1 relaxivity could decrease the contrast between the lesion and the background mammary gland. We evaluate the effect of gadobutrol on background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) and differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lesions in dynamic MRI of the breast.

Methods: Ninety-nine patients were enrolled prospectively.