Efficacy of anti-PD-1 monotherapy for recurrent or metastatic olfactory neuroblastoma.

Background: Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare malignant tumor of the head and neck. Due to its rarity, standard systemic therapy for this condition has yet to be established. In particular, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the recurrent or metastatic (R/M) ONB population remains unclear.

Removal of a Metallic Stent after 9 Years of Placement That Caused Tracheal Stenosis: A Rare Case Report.

Introduction: Metallic stents are widely used to prevent airway obstruction for tracheal stenosis caused by malignant diseases. Although their efficacy has been recognized, there is no established evidence surrounding their long-term safety. We report a case of airway stenosis caused by a metallic tracheal stent.

An invasive presentation of parotid lymphadenoma: A first reported case.

Lymphadenoma, a rare benign tumor recognized in the WHO salivary gland tumor classification of 2005, poses diagnostic and treatment challenges due to its rarity and distinct histopathological characteristics. We report a unique case of lymphadenoma in a 45-year-old male patient who presented with a hard, painless tumor in the right parotid gland that had been present since he was 15 years old. Distinctively, MRI and CT imaging revealed signs of infiltration into the surrounding muscle tissues, challenging the traditional notion of lymphadenomas as tumors with clear boundaries.

Retrospective Study of Cisplatin/Carboplatin, 5-Fluorouracil Plus Cetuximab (EXTREME) for Advanced-stage Salivary Gland Cancer.

Background/aim: Surgery remains the standard treatment for salivary gland carcinoma (SGC). Our study investigated the association between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) status in recurrent/metastatic SGC and the effectiveness of treatment with cisplatin/carboplatin and 5-fluorouracil plus cetuximab (EXTREME).

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively collected 19 SGCs from patients treated with the EXTREME regimen.

Single-cycle induction chemotherapy for resectable advanced hypopharyngeal cancer.

Background: The role of induction chemotherapy (IC) in the treatment of resectable advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has not been elucidated, and the most effective IC regimen for chemoselection is still unknown. At our institute we have not used the triple combination of docetaxel, cisplatin, fluorouracil (TPF) for chemoselection, but rather the double combination of docetaxel + cisplatin (TP). The aim of this study is to report the outcome of patients with advanced hypopharyngeal cancer treated by single cycle of IC with TP followed by chemoradiation (CRT) or surgery.

[A Case of Pneumocystis Pneumonia after Cetuximab-based Bioradiotherapy].

Reports of drug-induced interstitial pneumonia caused by Cetuximab have been increasing. Pneumocystis pneumonia is important as a differential diagnosis of drug-induced interstitial pneumonia. We report herein on a 64-year-old man with pneumocystis pneumonia after cetuximab-based bioradiotherapy for laryngeal cancer.

Combined transcervical and orbitozygomatic approach for the removal of a nasopharyngeal adenocarcinoma.

Objective: In some cases, the exposure and safeguarding of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are not easy by the maxillary swing approach that is used as a mainstay for the removal of nasopharyngeal tumors. To address this issue, we have developed a new combined transcervical and orbitozygomatic approach.

Methods: A nasopharyngeal adenocarcinoma arose in a 52-year-old patient and occupied the right middle skull base extending to the ICA.

Clinical significance of KRAS gene mutation and epidermal growth factor receptor expression in Japanese patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx.

Purpose: The significance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling has been recognized in various cancers and anti-EGFR therapies in Japan are currently under consideration in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) similar to colorectal cancer. However, there was no established survey regarding heterogeneous EGFR protein expression in Japanese SCCHN patients. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between EGFR expression or KRAS mutation (related to the alteration of EGFR pathway) and the clinicopathological characteristics of SCCHN.

Tracheal reconstruction with a modified infrahyoid myocutaneous flap.

Reconstruction of a tracheal defect is a challenge because it often requires invasive surgery associated with relatively high morbidity. We recently invented a less-invasive method using a modified infrahyoid myocutaneous (IHMC) flap for the reconstruction of a tracheal defect in an 83-year-old male. A tracheal defect, the right half of the cricoid cartilage plus the right three quarters of the I-IV tracheal cartilage (about 3 × 4 cm), was reconstructed with a modified IHMC flap composed of the sternohyoid and platysma muscles and a skin pedicle.

Correlations between thymidylate synthase expression and chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil, cell proliferation and clinical outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used drug in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Thymidylate synthase (TS), which is the target enzyme of 5-FU, has been demonstrated to be a key regulatory enzyme. In this study, we examined whether TS expression is correlated with chemosensitivity to 5-FU, cell proliferation and clinical outcome in HNSCC.

The role of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase expression in resistance to 5-fluorouracil in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic drugs to treat cancer patients. However, the presence of drug resistant tumor cells may cause a poor response to 5-FU based chemotherapy. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of pyrimidine bases and is also responsible for the degradation of 5-FU.

Aggressive invasive micropapillary salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland.

The presence of invasive micropapillary component has been reported to be associated with salivary duct carcinoma and poor outcomes. Herein is described a rare case of invasive micropapillary salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland in a 60-year-old man. The micropapillary component was approximately 70% of the area of the tumor.

Microsatellite instability and proliferating activity in sinonasal carcinoma: molecular genetic and immunohistochemical comparison with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Sinonasal carcinomas arise from the respiratory epithelium that lines the nasal and paranasal cavities, and are histologically composed of either squamous or cylindrical cell carcinoma. However, molecular analysis with the purpose of distinguishing sinonasal carcinomas from other head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), which arise from squamous epithelium, has been limited. Moreover, a wide range of frequency of microsatellite instability (MSI) in HNSCC has been reported.

A rare case of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome involving the oral cavity associated with the esophagus and gastrointestinal tract.

We report the rare case of HES involving oral cavity associated with esophagus, and gastrointestinal tract, which we succeeded in diagnosing precisely through a biopsy specimen obtained from the lip. A 64-year-old man had dysphagia, swelling of the oral mucosa and the posterior cervical muscles, accompanied by an abdominal pain and diarrhea. Peripheral blood cell count showed marked eosinophilia.