Lateralized hippocampal volume increase following high-frequency left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with major depression.

Aim: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been applied as a treatment for patients with treatment-resistant depression in recent years, and a large body of evidence has demonstrated its therapeutic efficacy through stimulating neuronal plasticity. The aim of this study was to investigate structural alterations in the hippocampus (HIPP) and amygdala (AM) following conventional rTMS in patients with depression.

Methods: Twenty-eight patients with depression underwent 10 daily 20-Hz left prefrontal rTMS over 2 weeks.

Potentiation of quantitative electroencephalograms following prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with major depression.

The long-lasting effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on electroencephalogram (EEG) activity are not clear. We aimed to investigate the cumulative rTMS effects on EEG and clinical outcomes in patients with major depression. Twenty-five patients with medication-resistant depression underwent 10 daily rTMS sessions over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

Localized potentiation of sleep slow-wave activity induced by prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with a major depressive episode.

Background: The effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on sleep structure in major depression are currently unknown.

Objective: To determine the effects of prefrontal rTMS on sleep electroencephalography (EEG) in major depression.

Methods: In this open-label pilot study, twelve male patients with relatively mild depression, who had been medication-resistant, underwent 10 daily rTMS sessions over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).