Risk Factors Associated With Lymph Node Metastasis and Recurrence in Surgical Cases of pT1 Colorectal Cancer.

Objective This study aims to investigate the risk factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM) and postoperative recurrence in patients undergoing surgery for pT1 colorectal cancer (pT1-CRC). Materials and methods We retrospectively analyzed 150 patients who underwent bowel resection with lymph node dissection for pT1-CRC at our department between September 2011 and December 2021. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the effects of sex, depth of tumor invasion, venous invasion, lymphatic invasion, tumor budding (BD), and histological type on LNM and recurrence.

Time since liver transplant and immunosuppression withdrawal outcomes: Systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: Successful immunosuppression withdrawal (ISW) is possible for a subfraction of liver transplant (LT) recipients but the factors that define the risk of ISW failure are largely unknown. One candidate prognostic factor for ISW success or operational tolerance (OT) is longer time between LT and ISW which we term "pre-withdrawal time". To clarify the impact of pre-withdrawal time span on subsequent ISW success or failure, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Advanced pancreatic cancer with long-term recurrence-free survival after radical pancreatic resection and subsequent resection of lung metastases twice: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Reports on lung resection for recurrence with lung metastases after the surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer have been sporadic, and limited information is currently available on the long-term postoperative course. Furthermore, the significance of the surgical resection of recurrent/metastatic lesions after the resection of pancreatic cancer has not been sufficiently established. We herein present a long-term recurrence-free survivor after perioperative chemotherapy and pancreatic resection for primary pancreatic body cancer who underwent resection for isolated lung metastases twice.

A case of mesenteric venous thrombosis complicating appendiceal diverticulitis.

Background: Mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) and appendiceal diverticulitis are rare diseases. There has been no previous report on MVT complicating appendiceal diverticulitis. Herein, we report the first case of MVT complicating appendiceal diverticulitis.

Laparoscopic approach to recurrence following multiple surgeries for external rectal prolapse: a case report.

Introduction: The optimal procedure for recurrent external rectal prolapse remains unclear, particularly in laparoscopic approach. In addition, pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is sometimes concomitant with rectal prolapse. We present a case who underwent laparoscopic procedure for the recurrence of full-thickness external rectal prolapse coexisting POP.

Proposal for a Safe and Functional Pancreaticojejunostomy Technique from a Histopathological Perspective.

Background: To prevent leakage of pancreatic juice from the main pancreatic duct (MPD), complete external drainage appears to be the most effective technique. However, because this requires a pancreatic stent tube to be ligated with MPD, duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) is difficult. From our histopathological examination, a large amount of pancreatic juice is drained from the ducts other than MPD.

Utility of CD127 combined with FOXP3 for identification of operational tolerance after liver transplantation.

Loss of cell surface expression of CD127 on CD4(+)CD25(++) regulatory T-cells (Tregs) may be a useful marker to efficiently isolate Tregs. As FOXP3 was specifically used to identify Tregs, combining these two markers could give better identification for patient with operational tolerance (OT) after liver transplantation. To testify this mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), the function of circulating CD4(+)CD25(++)CD127(dim) cells (CD127(dim) cells) was examined in immunosuppression (IS)-free pediatric recipients after liver transplantation (LTx) (group operational tolerance: OT) (Gr-tol n=25) compared to recipients who could not stop IS due to clinically overt rejection (group intolerance) (Gr-intol n=18), recipients who were weaning IS (Gr-weaning n=11) and age-matched healthy volunteers (Gr-vol n=11).

Association of anti-human leukocyte antigen and anti-angiotensin II type 1 receptor antibodies with liver allograft fibrosis after immunosuppression withdrawal.

Background: Many pediatric patients who receive a living-donor liver transplant undergo withdrawal of immunosuppression (IS). For them, the high incidence of long-term progressive graft fibrosis is of particular concern.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study including 81 pediatric patients who underwent IS withdrawal after living-donor liver transplant at Kyoto University Hospital and whose serum samples and pathological data could be obtained during the analysis period.

Intragraft Vδ1 γδ T cells with a unique T-cell receptor are closely associated with pediatric semiallogeneic liver transplant tolerance.

Background: T-cell receptor Vδ2 γδ T cells (Vδ2 cells) participate in host defense, whereas Vδ1 γδ T cells (Vδ1 cells) may regulate immune responses. Vδ1 cells appear to play a role in fetomaternal tolerance and our aim was to examine their role in liver transplant tolerance.

Methods: To determine whether Vδ1 cells increase within accepted grafts after semiallogeneic pediatric liver transplantation, the Vδ1/Vδ2 ratio was assessed at the transcriptional level and the complementarity-determining region 3 loop of the δ chain of Vδ1 cells was sequenced in biopsies from immunosuppression-free (n=6) or almost free (n=3) liver transplant recipients, referred to as group tolerance (Gr-Tol; n=9).

Factors affecting graft survival within 1-year post-transplantation in heart and lung transplant: an analysis of the OPTN/UNOS registry.

Today, a main focus of the transplant community is the long-term outcomes of lung and heart allograft recipients. However, even early post-transplant survival (within the first post-transplant year) needs improvement, as early graft failure still accounts for many allograft losses. In this chapter, we review the experience of heart and lung transplantation as reported to the Organ Procurement Transplant Network/United Network of Organ Sharing registry and investigate the factors responsible for causing failure in the first post-transplant year.

Factors affecting operational tolerance after pediatric living-donor liver transplantation: impact of early post-transplant events and HLA match.

Pediatric recipients of living-donor liver transplants (LDLT) can often discontinue immunosuppression (IS). We examined factors affecting development of operational tolerance (OT), defined as off IS for >1 year, in this population. A historic cohort analysis was conducted in 134 pediatric primary semi-allogeneic LDLT.

Factors affecting outcomes of liver transplantation: an analysis of OPTN/UNOS database.

This was a historic cohort analysis based on 110,521 patients who underwent liver transplant between 1987 and July 2011 in the United States and were reported to the UNOS registry. In addition to univariate Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, we used cox proportional hazard analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis to evaluate hazard ratios adjusted for clinical factors. The overall 5- and 10-year patient survival rates were 81% and 72%, respectively, for 4,412 recipients of living donor livers and 73% and 59%, respectively, for 106,109 recipients of deceased donor livers.

The generation of donor-specific CD4+CD25++CD45RA+ naive regulatory T cells in operationally tolerant patients after pediatric living-donor liver transplantation.

Background: CD4+CD25++CD45RA+ cells (naïve regulatory T cells [naïve-Tregs]) have been identified as a functionally premature form of CD4+CD25+++CD45RA(-) cells (conventional-Tregs). However, their contribution to transplant tolerance remains to be elucidated.

Method: We examined the frequency and the function of conventional and naive-Tregs in the peripheral blood derived from operationally tolerant patients after pediatric living-donor liver transplant (Gr-tol).

Requirement of protocol biopsy before and after complete cessation of immunosuppression after liver transplantation.

Background: Operational tolerance is defined as long-term acceptance of a transplanted organ after complete cessation of immunosuppression (IS), but may not always protect against antigen-dependent changes in graft morphology.

Method: IS free patients after living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) underwent protocol biopsy (tolerance group [Gr-Tol]) and were evaluated for rejection and fibrosis. The degree of fibrosis was compared with those in the patients on maintenance IS group (Gr-IS) and the base line normal liver group (Gr-BS).