Minimally Invasive Treatment for Advanced Hemorrhoids.

Hemorrhoids, the most common anorectal disease, give rise to symptoms such as bleeding, prolapse, and pruritus. The treatment for advanced hemorrhoids (Grade III or IV) is gradually shifting toward minimally invasive procedures. These procedures focus on reduction of blood flow in hemorrhoids.

Discovery and structure optimization of a novel corn herbicide, tolpyralate.

Tolpyralate, a new selective postemergence herbicide developed for the weed control in corn, possesses a unique chemical structure with a 1-alkoxyethyl methyl carbonate group on the -ethyl pyrazole moiety. This compound shows high herbicidal activity against many weed species, including glyphosate-resistant . Tolpyralate targets 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4-HPPD), which is involved in the tyrosine degradation pathway.

Aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid sclerotherapy for Goligher Grades II and III hemorrhoids: Results from a multicenter study.

Aim: To show that aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid (ALTA) sclerotherapy has a high success rate for Grade II and III hemorrhoids.

Methods: This study was based on the clinical data of 604 patients with hemorrhoids who underwent ALTA sclerotherapy between January 2009 and February 2015. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of this treatment for Grades II and III hemorrhoids.

ALTA injection sclerosing therapy:non-excisional treatment of internal hemorrhoids.

Background/aims: Aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid (ALTA) is a new sclerosing therapy for internal hemorrhoids. This injection therapy is a four-step direct injection sclerosing procedure intended to shrink and harden internal hemorrhoids to eliminate hemorrhoidal prolapse and bleeding. The aim of this study was to assess the short term efficacy of this treatment.

Evaluation of procedure of laparoscopic para-aortic lymph node biopsy: comparison between transperitoneal approach and extraperitoneal approach.

In gastrointestinal laparoscopic surgery, paraaortic lymphadenectomy is usually performed using a transperitoneal approach (TP), and the use of an extraperitoneal approach (EP) has been scarcely reported. Biopsy of the para-aortic lymph nodes was performed using TP with 3 ports on the patient with esophageal cancer, and EP lymphnode biopsy was performed with 4 ports with malignant lymphoma. The effect of TP vs.

HPV infection in an HIV-positive patient with primary squamous cell carcinoma of rectum.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the colorectum is a rare malignancy of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. We report a case of primary SCC of the rectum. A 55-year-old man with a rectal tumor and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was referred to our hospital.

Sonic hedgehog relates to colorectal carcinogenesis.

Aim: The activation of Hedgehog signaling, which is critical to normal mammalian gastrointestinal development, is implicated in the development of various tumors, including colorectal cancer. In the pancreas, a precursor lesion overexpresses the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) when compared with normal tissue and cancer. The present study was designed to investigate Shh related protein expression in hyperplastic polyps and the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in the colon and rectum.

A new classification system for liver metastases from colorectal cancer in Japanese multicenter analysis.

Background/aims: Although numerous authors have reported various prognostic factors for liver metastases from colorectal cancer, there is not yet a general classification.

Methodology: A total of 478 colorectal cancer patients from 18 institutes were studied. Prognostic factors were investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Kampo medicine "Dai-kenchu-to" prevents bacterial translocation in rats.

Kampo medicine "Dai-kenchu-to" (DKT) has been used for treatment of ileus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of DKT on the bacterial translocation (BT) model in rats. Rats were divided into the following four groups: group 1, receiving only water, and groups 2, 3, and 4, receiving 100, 300, and 1,000 mg/kg/day of DKT.

Usefulness of cytokeratin immunoreactivity pattern for distinction of Barrett's esophagus from intestinal metaplasia of the stomach.

The histological distinction between Barrett's esophagus involving the distal esophagus and intestinal metaplasia of the stomach has important clinical implications and can be difficult even with the use of histochemical stains. Cytokeratin (CK) 7 and 20 are cytoplastic structural proteins that show restricted expression in normal and malignant epithelia of the gastrointestinal tract. CK7 and 20 immunostaining were performed on a 67-year-old male with cardiac cancer with reflux esophagitis due to sliding hernia.

p53 and MIB-1 expression of esophageal carcinoma concominant with achalasia.

Achalasia, insufficient relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) causes the retention and stasis of food and secretions, chronic hyperplastic esophagitis and eventual malignant transformation. p53 alternation has been suggested to play an important role in the malignant transformation. A 53-year-old man was endoscopically followed up for esophageal achalasia for seven years, and endoscopy revealed an ulcerative region in the upper thoracic esophagus, and histopathologically the biopsy specimens showed moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.

Pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase and dihydropyrimidine dihydrogenase activities as predictive factors for the efficacy of doxifluridine together with mitomycin C as adjuvant chemotherapy in primary colorectal cancer.

Background/aims: Pyrimidine Nucleoside Phosphorylase (PyNPase) converts 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR, doxifluridine) to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). While this reaction is taking place Dihydropyrimidine Dihydrogenase (DPD) catalyzes 5-FU to inactive molecules. Mitomycin C (MMC) elevates the PyNPase level in tumor cells.

Usefulness of local excision for early lower rectal cancer.

Background/aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the long-term results of transanal excision compared with major surgery for lower rectal cancer.

Methodology: This retrospective study included 14 patients with early rectal cancer within 8cm from the anal verge treated by local excision in the period from January 1991 to December 2000, and 16 patients treated by major surgery in the period from January 1996 to December 2000. We evaluated the prognosis or anorectal or urinary function of these patients.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the descending colon: report of a case and literature review.

It is very rare that squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arises from colorectal epithelium. An 89-year-old man was treated in 2001 with chief complaints of anorexia, abdominal pain, and low grade fever. The histological diagnosis as SCC was determined by biopsy during a colonoscopy.

Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine cell carcinoma of the rectum: report of a case and literal review.

A 56-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of anal bleeding. Colonoscopy and barium enema revealed type 4 tumor in the rectum. Biopsy revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.

N(1),N(12)-Diacetylspermine as a sensitive and specific novel marker for early- and late-stage colorectal and breast cancers.

Purpose: N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine (DiAcSpm) in the urine of colorectal and breast cancer patients was examined to establish its usefulness as a novel diagnostic tool for detecting these cancers at clinically early stages.

Experimental Design: Urine samples from 248 colon cancer patients and 83 breast cancer patients as well as 51 patients with benign gastrointestinal diseases treated in Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital during the period of August 1999 to January 2004 were collected. DiAcSpm was analyzed by ELISA and its sensitivity for malignant conditions was compared with that of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA19-9, and CA15-3.

[The present and future of home care chemotherapy for patients with advanced and recurrent colorectal cancer].

Purpose: If the chemotherapy at home is as effective as the chemotherapy at an outpatient clinic, QOL of the patients will be improved. In this paper the future of chemotherapy at home was clarified from the outcome of the chemotherapy for advanced and recurrent colorectal cancer.

Method: Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAI) (5-FU 2,000 mg/w, continuous infusion for 7 days, n=123) for unresectable liver metastases and FL chemotherapy (5 FU 1,500 mg + l-LV 375 mg/w, continuous systemic chemotherapy for 7 days, n=32) for extra hepatic recurrence were carried out at home by a portable pump system every other week.

[A new systemic combination chemotherapy to be provided at home for patients with unresectable recurrent colorectal cancer].

We compared the effectiveness of 5-FU + l-LV with CDDP + 5-FU as a systemic chemotherapy for unresectable recurrence of colorectal cancer. The protocol we carried out in one group was as follows: (Group 1) 5-FU 2,000 mg mixed with l-LV 100-200 mg in the disposable balloon pump was administered continuously for 1 week. In the other group, (Group 2) we administered CDDP 5 mg/day every 5 days for a week and continuous 5-FU 500 mg/day for 3 weeks in the hospital, and in the outpatient clinic CDDP 5 mg/day every 2 days for a week with UFT-E 300-600 mg/day, orally, everyday.

[Biomarkers for neoplasmas in digestive organs].

This review is concerned with the usefulness and the problem of biomarkers for cancer of digestive organs. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a most popular and useful tumor marker for cancer of digestive organs. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen and CYFRA have been reported as a useful tumor marker for esophageal cancer.

[The significance of urine di-acetyl spermine level as a cancer marker for colorectal cancer].

We analyzed the significance of the measurement of urine di-acetyl spermine (DiAcSpm) as a cancer marker for colorectal cancer treatment. We measured both the urine DiAcSpm(ELISA, normal range: 0-0.25 mumol/creatinine) and serum CEA (normal range: 0-5.

[A new systemic combination chemotherapy to be provided at home for patients with unresectable recurrent colorectal cancer].

We compared the effectiveness of 5-FU + l-LV with CDDP + 5-FU as a systemic chemotherapy for unresectable recurrence of colorectal cancer. The protocol we carried out in one group was as follows: (Group 1) 5-FU 2,000 mg mixed with l-LV 100-200 mg in the disposable balloon pump was administered continuously for 1 week. In the other group, (Group 2) we administered CDDP 5 mg/day every 5 days for a week and continuous 5-FU 500 mg/day for 3 weeks in the hospital, and in the outpatient clinic CDDP 5 mg/day every 2 days for a week with UFT-E 300-600 mg/day, orally, everyday.

Tumor-stroma interaction of human pancreatic cancer: acquired resistance to anticancer drugs and proliferation regulation is dependent on extracellular matrix proteins.

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths in industrialized countries. It is known that pancreatic cancer is resistant to chemotherapy and that cancer cells are surrounded by extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins including collagen I, collagen IV, fibronectin, and laminin.

Aims: To examine the role of ECM proteins in acquired resistance to anticancer drugs and proliferation regulation in pancreatic cancers.

[Two patients with metastatic ovarian tumor (Krukenberg's tumor) of gastric origin who underwent oophorectomy with paraaortic and intrapelvic lymph node dissection].

We report 2 patients with metastatic ovarian tumors of gastric origin who underwent oophorectomy with paraaortic and intrapelvic lymph node dissection, and showed a relatively good outcome. Case 1 A 40-year-old female with gastric cancer located in the MULE area underwent total gastrectomy with D3 lymph node dissection on June 2, 1989. Pathological Stage was IIIB and curability was B according to the JGCA classification.

[A case of liver metastases from gastric cancer successfully treated with induced hypertensive chemotherapy].

We report a 77-year-old patient with gastric cancer who has survived 5 years after multidisciplinary treatment for both liver and brain recurrences. He underwent a D2 distal gastrectomy for macroscopically type 2 cancer at the lower third of the stomach on May 1997. The histopathological findings were as follows: O-IIc (SM2), poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, pN2, ly2, v2, stage II.