[Postoperative hyperperfusion in a patient with a dural arteriovenous fistula associated with intracerebral hemorrhage: a case report].

A 60-year-old male complained of a severe headache and developed generalized convulsions. He was drowsy at the time of admission and a neurological examination revealed aphasia and right hemianopsia. Plain computed tomography (CT) revealed an intracerebral hematoma in the left occipital lobe.

Short latency afferent inhibition associated with cortical compression and memory impairment in patients with chronic subdural hematoma.

Objective: To evaluate the cortical excitability in patients with mild cortical compression.

Methods: The present study used short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), and short latency afferent inhibition (SAI) to evaluate motor cortex excitability in 16 chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) patients with memory impairment and compared the data with those of 16 healthy controls.

Results: SAI was reduced in patients compared with controls (99±14 vs.

Cognitive alteration after carotid revascularization is correlated with cortical GABA(B)-ergic modulations.

The present study evaluates the hypotheses that a GABAergic mechanism underlies neurobehavioral sequelae of carotid stenosis and that it can be reversed by carotid revascularization. We used the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT), short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), long interval intracortical inhibition (LICI), and cortical silent period (CSP) to evaluate cognitive function and cerebral cortical excitability in 16 carotid artery stenosis patients with cognitive impairment before carotid arterial stenting (CAS) and 1 month later. We compared the pre- and post-CAS results and those of 16 healthy controls.

Homocysteine levels are associated with hippocampus volume in type 2 diabetic patients.

Background: Elevated total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) levels are associated with cognitive dysfunction, in which changes in the hippocampus plausibly play a pivotal role. We tested the hypothesis that elevated tHcy levels are correlated with hippocampus volume and insulin resistance in nondementia patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: The study included 43 nondementia patients with type 2 diabetes, who were divided into two groups: a high tHcy group (age: 65 ± 8 years, mean ± standard deviation, n = 16) and a normal tHcy group (64 ± 9 years, n = 27).

Transcranial direct current stimulation decreases convulsions and spatial memory deficits following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in immature rats.

Purpose: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a recently available, noninvasive brain stimulation technique. The effects of cathodal tDCS on convulsions and spatial memory after status epilepticus (SE) in immature animals were investigated.

Methods: Rats underwent lithium-pilocarpine-induced SE at postnatal day (P) 20-21 and received daily 30-min cathodal tDCS for 2 weeks at P23-36 through a unilateral epicranial electrode at 200μA.

Electroconvulsive seizure-induced VEGF is correlated with neuroprotective effects against cerebral infarction: Involvement of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt pathway.

The present study demonstrates the cytoprotective effect of electrical convulsive stimulation (ECS) as a potential neuroprotective vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inducer against ischemic insult. Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) is thought to be an important factor that mediates neuroprotection. However, the signaling pathways in the brain in vivo after ECS remain unclear.

Cerebral vasculitis associated with amyloid angiopathy: case report.

A 78-year-old female presented with coexisting primary angiitis of the central nervous system (CNS) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) manifesting as motor aphasia caused by a left frontal lobe lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an enhanced lesion with moderate surrounding edema.Technetium-99m propylene amine oxime single-photon emission computed tomography showed decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the lesions, and high serum soluble-interleukin-2 level was detected, suggesting intravascular lymphoma of the CNS.

The phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt pathway mediates geranylgeranylacetone-induced neuroprotection against cerebral infarction in rats.

Previous studies demonstrated the cytoprotective effect of geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), a heat shock protein inducer, against ischemic insult. Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) is thought to be an important factor that mediates neuroprotection. However, the signaling pathways in the brain in vivo after oral GGA administration remain unclear.

Visualization of subdural electrodes with fusion CT scan/MRI during neuronavigation-guided epilepsy surgery.

Neuronavigation in epilepsy surgery enables surgeons to accurately resect deep targets inside the brain, especially lesions that are unable to be visually differentiated from adjacent normal brain. The usefulness of visualizing subdural electrodes with postimplantation fusion CT/MRI was investigated. The use of platinum subdural electrodes made it possible to obtain postimplantation MRI.

Superficial temporal artery-to-middle cerebral artery anastomosis with encephalo-duro-myo-synangiosis as a modified operative procedure for moyamoya disease.

Background: Various types of revascularization surgery have been performed for moyamoya disease. Although the efficacies of these operations are well recognized, the optimal operative procedure remains undecided. In this report, we describe our modified surgical revascularization procedure for moyamoya disease and retrospectively analyze the results of such surgeries on six sides in six adult patients.

A hemispherotomy for intractable startle epilepsy characterized by infantile hemiplegia and drop attacks.

Startle epilepsy is provoked by unexpected sensory stimuli, mainly auditory, and reveals subsequent tonic posturing of the limbs. We present a case of intractable startle epilepsy with infantile hemiplegia and discuss the indications for a hemispherotomy.

Intracranial infiltration by recurrent scalp dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) of the scalp is a rare soft tissue sarcoma. A 22-year-old male with DFSP, who had undergone several surgical excisions and radiotherapy, presented with a mild left lower-limb paresis. An MRI scan demonstrated a huge mass extending throughout the frontoparietal convexity.

Edaravone, a free radical scavenger, retards the development of amygdala kindling in rats.

This study evaluated the antiepileptogenic effects of edaravone, a newly developed radical scavenger, on the amygdala kindling rats. The afterdischarge duration (ADD), AD threshold (ADT), and seizure severity in animals were measured to study the anticonvulsant effects of edaravone (2mg/kg or 20mg/kg i.p.

A rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor of the spinal cord: the first case of a rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor originating from the spinal cord.

Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors of the fourth ventricle are rare brain tumors, and only 19 such lesions have been previously reported. This report presents the first case of a rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors arising from the spinal cord. A 44-year-old woman presented with a 15-year history of dissociated sensory disturbance of the lower extremities that gradually spread through her upper extremities.

Induction of collateral circulation by hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha decreased cerebral infarction in the rat.

Background: We recently reported that hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha), HIF-2alpha and cyclooxygenase 2 naked DNA induced angiogenesis in a rat indirect bypass model. In this work, we investigated whether the collateral circulation induced by HIF-1alpha DNA affected the cerebral infarction.

Methods: We utilized a rat encephalomyosynangiosis (EMS) model and inoculated HIF-1alpha DNA onto the brain surface.

Possible involvement of interferon beta in post-operative vasculitis restricted to the tumour bed: a case report.

Cerebral vasculitis is a very rare complication after brain tumour surgery. We herein report a case and discuss the origins of this complication. A 52-year-old female was admitted because of motor aphasia due to a left frontal lobe brain tumour.

Functional brain mapping during recitation of Buddhist scriptures and repetition of the Namu Amida Butsu: a study in experienced Japanese monks.

Background: The invocation Namu Amida Butsu (Nembutsu), voices the hope of rebirth into Amida's Pure Land. In the Nembutsu, Buddhists imagine that they are absorbed into Amida's Pure Land. Shiritori, a Japanese word chain game, is a common task used to activate language related regions in Japanese.

Invited article: surgical management of Moyamoya disease.

Objective: Various types of revascularization surgery have been performed for moyamoya disease, and there have been controversies about the surgical procedures. In this report, we introduce our surgical strategy of moyamoya disease and discuss the various surgical procedure options.

Methods: The subjects consisted of 13 consecutive patients (8 children, 5 adults) with moyamoya disease who were surgically treated between 2004 and 2007.

Neuroprotective and antiamnesic effect of donepezil, a nicotinic acetylcholine-receptor activator, on rats with concussive mild traumatic brain injury.

In this study we evaluated the effect of donepezil on the neurodegeneration and behavioral impairments induced by mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). Donepezil is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is used to treat Alzheimer's disease. Donepezil was given orally to rats subjected to MTBI.

GEP100 links epidermal growth factor receptor signalling to Arf6 activation to induce breast cancer invasion.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) signalling is implicated in tumour invasion and metastasis. However, whether there are EGFR signalling pathways specifically used for tumour invasion still remains elusive. Overexpression of Arf6 and its effector, AMAP1, correlates with and is crucial for the invasive phenotypes of different breast cancer cells.

Severe postoperative vasculitis of the central nervous system in a child with arteriovenous malformation: case report.

Background: Cerebral vasculitis is very rare complication after craniotomy. We report a case and discuss the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of this complication.

Case Description: A 12-year-old boy was admitted because of a consciousness disturbance due to a ruptured AVM.

p73gamma transactivates the p21 promoter through preferential interaction with the p300/CBP-associated factor in human prostate cancer cells.

Several p73 variants have been reported with different carboxy-terminal structures and transcriptional activities. We showed that p73gamma had stronger transactivation activity than the other splicing variants such as alpha, beta and delta by analysing p21 promoter activity in human prostate cancer PC3 cells. The transactivation activity of p73gamma was similar to that of p53 and was enhanced by co-transfection with p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF).

Unique infiltrating morphology of a meningioma-a case report.

Background: We report on the case of a patient with meningioma that was correctly identified through biopsy.

Case Description: A 69-year-old woman presented with slight headache and was then examined at our hospital. Neurologic and physical examinations found no abnormality.