Effects of Low-frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Focal Hand Dystonia: A Case Report.

A 40-year-old female patient with no medical history or family history of dystonia showed no abnormalities on cranial MRI. However, flexions and extensions were poor during the right arm and elbow movements, and tremors were observed during the finger separation movement. The tremors reduced when the left hand was placed on the right shoulder.

The Clinical Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Injections to the Upper Lumbrical Muscles for Clenched Fist Deformity in Chronic Stroke Patients.

Objective: Post-stroke hemiplegic patients with a spastic clenched fist deformity that was caused by upper motor neuron syndrome often have problems with hygiene and nursing. Botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) had been given for treatment of such patients to relieve spasticity by targeting finger joint muscles, such as the flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus. However, some of these patients do not have satisfactory outcomes.