Involvement of the incudostapedial joint anomaly in conductive deafness.

Conclusion: The outcome of surgery depends on complexities of middle ear anomalies and definite diagnosis can only be achieved during exploratory tympanotomy. We must be aware that the pathology of the congenital ossicular anomalies is variable and careful surgery is needed for hearing improvement.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate congenital ossicular malformation.

A "fenestration approach" for arytenoid adduction through the thyroid ala combined with type I thyroplasty.

Objective: To develop and evaluate the voice outcomes of an approach of arytenoid adduction (AA) through a fenestration of the thyroid ala for unilateral vocal cord paralysis.

Study Design: Twelve consecutive patients with severe unilateral vocal cord paralysis, whose maximum phonation times (MPTs) were less than or equal to 5 seconds, underwent laryngoplasty using an approach of AA performed through a fenestration of the thyroid ala combined with type I thyroplasty.

Method: Two surgical windows were made in the lower part of the thyroid ala.

A new procedure of arytenoid adduction combined with type I thyroplasty under general anesthesia using a laryngeal mask.

Laryngeal framework surgery is usually performed under local anesthesia. However, some patients are unable to tolerate extended surgery. A case of an 82-year-old woman who underwent medialization thyroplasty and arytenoid adduction of direct lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA) muscle pulling at the same time under general anesthesia using a laryngeal mask is reported.

[Two cases of laryngoplasty performed under a general anesthesia applied using a laryngeal mask for the treatment of unilateral vocal cord paralysis].

In general, laryngoplasty for unilateral vocal cord paralysis is performed under local anesthesia because the patient's voice must be heard and the movement of the vocal cords visualized during the endoscopic procedure to ensure good results. We encountered two cases who could not endure a long operation under local anesthesia and the insertion of an endoscope because of their age and gag reflex. We thus performed a combined lateral cricoarytenoid muscle pull (LCA-pull) and a type I thyroplasty under general anesthesia applied using a laryngeal mask.

[Combination of direct pull of lateral cricoarytenoid muscle and thyroplasty type I for severe unilateral vocal cord paralysis].

Techniques and the outcome of our approach that combined two operations, a direct pull of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (LCA-Pull) and Isshiki's thyroplasty type I are reported. LCA-Pull is very simple and allows natural adduction of arytenoid by pulling LCA. The subjects were five patients whose maximal phonation time (MPT) were under 5 seconds.