Elasticity of the Scalene Muscles in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers Using Shear Wave Elastography.

Background: Thoracic outlet syndrome is more common in overhead athletes. The anterior and middle scalene muscles have been associated with thoracic outlet syndrome; however, the relationship between the elastic moduli of the scalene muscles and the overhead-throwing position has not been evaluated.

Purpose: To investigate the elastic moduli of the anterior and middle scalene muscles in simulated throwing positions using shear wave elastography.

Plantar flexion with inversion shows highest elastic modulus of calcaneofibular ligament using ultrasound share wave elastography.

Purpose: The functional role of the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) is still controversial. We aimed to investigate the anatomical features of the CFL on sonography and the elastic modulus of the CFL in different ankle positions using ultrasound shear-wave elastography (SWE).

Methods: In 14 cadaveric ankles, the angle of the CFL with respect to the long axis of the fibula was measured in the following ankle positions: neutral (N), 30° plantar flexion (PF), and 20° dorsiflexion (DF).

Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction With the Modified Jobe Technique in Baseball Pitchers.

Background: Tearing and insufficiency of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the elbow result in valgus instability, which can lead to pain while throwing and decline in performance in overhead athletes.

Purpose: To assess the clinical results of a modified UCL reconstruction technique using 1 bone hole in the ulna and 1 bone tunnel in the humerus in baseball players.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Characteristics of Femoral Torsion Angles and Relationships Between Femoral Torsion Angles and Hip Rotational Motion Variables in Adult Baseball Players.

Background: Abnormalities in hip rotational motion (HRM) are risk factors for throwing injuries. To evaluate hip rotational motion, it is necessary to assess the torsion angle. However, no studies have investigated the femoral torsion angle (FTA) in baseball players.